Maryville NURS 611 Patho Exam 1
2025/2026 Exam Questions and Answers
| 100% Solved
Apoptosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ischemia
Main component of a cell - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nucleolus
,What is the nucleolus composed of? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔RNA, most of cellular
DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔histones bind to DNA and fold
it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cytoplasm and rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔takes proteins from
the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles
called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔leads to progressive
loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of
organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cellular respiration,
cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what
two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1-
metabolic
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
2025/2026 Exam Questions and Answers
| 100% Solved
Apoptosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔A programmed cell death that is regulated or
programmed. Cellular self-destruction for elimination or unwanted cell
populations
Necrosis - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔Rapid loss of the plasma membrane structure,
organelle swelling, mitochondria dysfunction
What is the #1 cause of cellular injury leading to necrosis (especially the
kidney and heart) - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔hypoxia
What is the #1 cause of hypoxia? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔ischemia
Main component of a cell - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nucleus
What does the nucleus contain? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔nucleolus
,What is the nucleolus composed of? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔RNA, most of cellular
DNA, DNA binding proteins, and histones
Why are histone important? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔histones bind to DNA and fold
it into chromosomes (chromatin) which is essential for cell division
What are ribosomes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔RNA-protein complexes
(nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the
cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore
complexes (NPCs)
Where can ribosomes be found? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cytoplasm and rough ER
what are ribosomes chief function? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔provides sits for
cellular protein synthesis
What is the Golgi apparatus (complex)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔a network of
flatten, smooth membranes and vesicles frequently located near the
nucleus of the cell
What does the Golgi apparatus do? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔takes proteins from
the ER and processes/packages them into small membrane-bound vesicles
called "secretory vesicles, and refines and directs traffic in the cell
, What are lysosomes and what do they do? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔maintain
cellular health by removal of toxic cellular components, removal of useless
organelles, termination of signal transduction, and signals cellular adaption
How does aging affect lysosomes? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔leads to progressive
loss of lysosomal efficiency which declines the regenerative capacity of
organs and tissue
What functions do lysosomal components integrate? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔nutrient abundance, energy levels, and cell stressors and will translate
them into instructions that regulate cellular metabolism toward either
proliferation or inactivity
What is mitochondria responsible for? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔cellular respiration,
cellular metabolism , and energy production
What does the inner membrane of mitochondria contain? - 🧠 ANSWER
✔✔enzymes of the respiratory chain and are essential to the process of
oxidative phosphorylation that generates most of the cell's ATP
The mitochondrial matrix contains what kind of pathways (1), involve what
two things (2), and metabolizes what three things (3)? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔1-
metabolic
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
