LSUS MHA 707 EXAM D WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Opening of 20th Century. ANSWER -· Drs were solo practitioners
· Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
· Long-term care for the elderly was largely home-based
· Pharmaceuticals & medical device manufacturing was a small business
· Healthcare was a minor part of economy
Founding of American Medical Association (AMA). ANSWER -1847
American Medical Association (AMA). ANSWER -· Established standards for preliminary
medical education for the degree of MD
· Code of Medical Ethics
· Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery/obstetrics
· Noted dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) & patent medicines
· Recommended state govs register births, marriages, & deaths
Advances making practice of med more successful in treating health problems. ANSWER -·
Improvements in surgery made during Civil War (toilets downstream from Army's campsite)
· Application to medicine advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur (ability
to control infections - leading cause of death at the time)
Demand for therapeutics fueled by Civil War. ANSWER -· Provided start for some of largest
names in modern pharma industry: Wyeth, Pfizer, Squibb
Found of U.S. Nursing Corps (professional nursing). ANSWER -1861 (19th century)
Development of Ambulance Corps during Civil War. ANSWER -· Created ambulance-to-ER
system we know today
· Estab. Hierarchy of tx stations to type of hospital facilities
Association of Hospital Superintendents became. ANSWER -· American Hospital Association
(AHA)
Founding of Association of Hospital Superintendents. ANSWER -1899
Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death. ANSWER -1900
Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death. ANSWER -· Predecessor of International
Classification of Diseases (ICD)
· Brought some standards & criteria in the study of diseases
Both public & private sectors were involved in. ANSWER -· Providing health care coverage
· Building the American health care infrastructure
1
, Access to health care for members of military, vets, & family had become a public sector
initiative. ANSWER -1811
1910. ANSWER -· Early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as "prepaid" group
practices
· Plan members paid monthly premium & received a wide range of medical services throughout
exclusive group of providers
1929. ANSWER -· BC plans were established to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in
Dallas Public School system
· Created by Baylor
BCBS developed nationwide due to. ANSWER -· U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages
BCBS unified. ANSWER -1940s
BCBS together served. ANSWER -· 24M, 81 hospital plans, 44 med plans
By 1960s BC had. ANSWER -· 52M
By 1960s BS had. ANSWER -· 40M
BCBS covered what percent Fed employees. ANSWER -· 33%
BCBS offered by. ANSWER -· Voluntary, nonprofit companies
· Estab. As charitable & benevolent organizations
BCBS used what to set prices for their products. ANSWER -· Community Rating
Why did BCBS use Community Rating?. ANSWER -· Data too poor to do anything else
Community Rating refers to. ANSWER -· Insurance pricing whereby everyone in same
geographic area pays same premium
· Regardless of health status, age, gender, family composition, occupation, health behaviors
such as smoking, or claims hx
Experience Rating. ANSWER -· Tailors policies & premiums to particular group or individual
· Premiums based on person's claims, health status, & risk of future claims as indicated by their
age, gender, health behaviors, & so forth
Congress passed legislation for 3 groups not covered by employer-based insurance. ANSWER -
· Medicare (65+)
· Medicaid (uninsured, low-income)
· CHIP (uninsured, moderate income)
· Between 1965 - 1999
2
ANSWERS
Opening of 20th Century. ANSWER -· Drs were solo practitioners
· Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit
· Long-term care for the elderly was largely home-based
· Pharmaceuticals & medical device manufacturing was a small business
· Healthcare was a minor part of economy
Founding of American Medical Association (AMA). ANSWER -1847
American Medical Association (AMA). ANSWER -· Established standards for preliminary
medical education for the degree of MD
· Code of Medical Ethics
· Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery/obstetrics
· Noted dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) & patent medicines
· Recommended state govs register births, marriages, & deaths
Advances making practice of med more successful in treating health problems. ANSWER -·
Improvements in surgery made during Civil War (toilets downstream from Army's campsite)
· Application to medicine advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur (ability
to control infections - leading cause of death at the time)
Demand for therapeutics fueled by Civil War. ANSWER -· Provided start for some of largest
names in modern pharma industry: Wyeth, Pfizer, Squibb
Found of U.S. Nursing Corps (professional nursing). ANSWER -1861 (19th century)
Development of Ambulance Corps during Civil War. ANSWER -· Created ambulance-to-ER
system we know today
· Estab. Hierarchy of tx stations to type of hospital facilities
Association of Hospital Superintendents became. ANSWER -· American Hospital Association
(AHA)
Founding of Association of Hospital Superintendents. ANSWER -1899
Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death. ANSWER -1900
Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death. ANSWER -· Predecessor of International
Classification of Diseases (ICD)
· Brought some standards & criteria in the study of diseases
Both public & private sectors were involved in. ANSWER -· Providing health care coverage
· Building the American health care infrastructure
1
, Access to health care for members of military, vets, & family had become a public sector
initiative. ANSWER -1811
1910. ANSWER -· Early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as "prepaid" group
practices
· Plan members paid monthly premium & received a wide range of medical services throughout
exclusive group of providers
1929. ANSWER -· BC plans were established to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in
Dallas Public School system
· Created by Baylor
BCBS developed nationwide due to. ANSWER -· U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages
BCBS unified. ANSWER -1940s
BCBS together served. ANSWER -· 24M, 81 hospital plans, 44 med plans
By 1960s BC had. ANSWER -· 52M
By 1960s BS had. ANSWER -· 40M
BCBS covered what percent Fed employees. ANSWER -· 33%
BCBS offered by. ANSWER -· Voluntary, nonprofit companies
· Estab. As charitable & benevolent organizations
BCBS used what to set prices for their products. ANSWER -· Community Rating
Why did BCBS use Community Rating?. ANSWER -· Data too poor to do anything else
Community Rating refers to. ANSWER -· Insurance pricing whereby everyone in same
geographic area pays same premium
· Regardless of health status, age, gender, family composition, occupation, health behaviors
such as smoking, or claims hx
Experience Rating. ANSWER -· Tailors policies & premiums to particular group or individual
· Premiums based on person's claims, health status, & risk of future claims as indicated by their
age, gender, health behaviors, & so forth
Congress passed legislation for 3 groups not covered by employer-based insurance. ANSWER -
· Medicare (65+)
· Medicaid (uninsured, low-income)
· CHIP (uninsured, moderate income)
· Between 1965 - 1999
2
