PAS 407- Heart and Mediastinum UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
located in middle mediastinum
Where is the heart located?
apex projects anteroinferiorly
Where does the apex of the heart project?
anchored to posterior wall superiorly and to great vessels
Where is the heart anchored? on the left
Where is it not anchored and why? no attachment to the right and inferiorly; allows for greater
movement during contraction
aortic: right 2nd intercostal space at upper right sternal
border
pulmonary: left 2nd intercostal space at upper left sternal
border
tricuspid: left 4th and 5th intercostal spaces at lower left
What are the auscultation points for each heart valve?
sternal border
bicuspid: left 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular
line
erb's point (A + P): left 3rd intercostal space at left sternal
border
1) fibrous pericardium
What are the three layers of connective tissue around the
2) parietal pericardium
heart?
3) visceral pericardium
What makes up the serous pericardium?
serous pericardium: parietal and visceral pericardium
What makes up the pericardial sac?
pericardial sac: fibrous and parietal pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium? outermost covering of heart made of dense irregular con-
nective tissue
, What does it separate?
separates mediastinum from pleural cavities
What does it prevent?
prevents overfilling of heart
double layer membrane of serous connective tissue
What is the serous pericardium?
1) parietal pericardium: in contact with fibrous pericardi-
What are its two layers? um
2) visceral pericardium (epicardium): in contact with heart
muscular layer of the heart; made of interconnected car-
What is myocardium? diac muscle fibers
What is its function? ensures that fibers contract in coordinated pattern to allow
for effective blood pump
simple squamous epithelium that lines the valves of the
What is endocardium?
heart
part of the connective fibrous tissue framework; separates
What is the atrioventricular septum?
the atria from the ventricles
What is its function?
provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
atria: superior chamber; smaller and less muscular; con-
tracts to maximally fill ventricle; separated by interatrial
septum
What are the differences between atria and ventricles?
ventricles: inferior chamber; larger and more muscular;
contracts to drive blood into pulmonary and systemic cir-
culations; separated by interventricular septum
What vessels does the right atrium receive blood from? superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
Where does its contraction occur? contracts along its anterior wall
CORRECT Answers
located in middle mediastinum
Where is the heart located?
apex projects anteroinferiorly
Where does the apex of the heart project?
anchored to posterior wall superiorly and to great vessels
Where is the heart anchored? on the left
Where is it not anchored and why? no attachment to the right and inferiorly; allows for greater
movement during contraction
aortic: right 2nd intercostal space at upper right sternal
border
pulmonary: left 2nd intercostal space at upper left sternal
border
tricuspid: left 4th and 5th intercostal spaces at lower left
What are the auscultation points for each heart valve?
sternal border
bicuspid: left 5th intercostal space at left midclavicular
line
erb's point (A + P): left 3rd intercostal space at left sternal
border
1) fibrous pericardium
What are the three layers of connective tissue around the
2) parietal pericardium
heart?
3) visceral pericardium
What makes up the serous pericardium?
serous pericardium: parietal and visceral pericardium
What makes up the pericardial sac?
pericardial sac: fibrous and parietal pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium? outermost covering of heart made of dense irregular con-
nective tissue
, What does it separate?
separates mediastinum from pleural cavities
What does it prevent?
prevents overfilling of heart
double layer membrane of serous connective tissue
What is the serous pericardium?
1) parietal pericardium: in contact with fibrous pericardi-
What are its two layers? um
2) visceral pericardium (epicardium): in contact with heart
muscular layer of the heart; made of interconnected car-
What is myocardium? diac muscle fibers
What is its function? ensures that fibers contract in coordinated pattern to allow
for effective blood pump
simple squamous epithelium that lines the valves of the
What is endocardium?
heart
part of the connective fibrous tissue framework; separates
What is the atrioventricular septum?
the atria from the ventricles
What is its function?
provides electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
atria: superior chamber; smaller and less muscular; con-
tracts to maximally fill ventricle; separated by interatrial
septum
What are the differences between atria and ventricles?
ventricles: inferior chamber; larger and more muscular;
contracts to drive blood into pulmonary and systemic cir-
culations; separated by interventricular septum
What vessels does the right atrium receive blood from? superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
Where does its contraction occur? contracts along its anterior wall
