AP Bio Chapter 2 AP Questions Review Practice 2025-
2026 Exam 71 Questions with Verified Answers With
Rationales
A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized
to perform?
A
The production and secretion of steroids
B
The destruction of toxic materials produced in other cells of the
organism
,C
The synthesis of polysaccharides for energy storage
D
The production and secretion of proteins - ANSWER -Answer D
Rationale Correct. The cytosolic surface of the rough ER is covered by
ribosomes that synthesize proteins that are then transported into the
rough ER, then to the Golgi complex, and finally out of the cell.
A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in
mitochondrial DNA. These mutations are associated with a number of
debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional
proteins in the mitochondria.
Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related
to these MT-ND1 mutations?
A
The cell is unable to synthesize most proteins required for normal cell
functions.
B
,The cell is unable to break down toxic materials and would accumulate
large volumes of these materials.
C
The cell is able to synthesize proteins, but the proteins would not fold
properly and would not contain the correct molecular tags for export
from the cell.
D
The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport
and ATP production. - ANSWER -Answer D
Rationale Correct. The electron transport chain and ATP production are
associated with proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondrion are likely to result in
reduced ATP production.
A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species
found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.
Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of
organisms in the sample?
A
The chloroplast, since all organisms need a source of energy.
, B
The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.
C
The mitochondrion, since all organisms need to break down glucose.
D
The cell wall, since all marine organisms need them for support. -
ANSWER -Answer B
Rationale Correct. Ribosomes are found in all forms of life, allowing for
comparison of the widest possible range of plankton species.
In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to
living plant cells. After one hour, the researchers determined the
amount of the radiolabeled amino acid that was in each of several
subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are
represented in the table.
RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF RADIOLABELED AMINO ACID
Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytosol
2.1 2.7 1.9 1
Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is
best supported by the results of the experiment?
2026 Exam 71 Questions with Verified Answers With
Rationales
A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of
rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Which of the following functions is this cell type most likely specialized
to perform?
A
The production and secretion of steroids
B
The destruction of toxic materials produced in other cells of the
organism
,C
The synthesis of polysaccharides for energy storage
D
The production and secretion of proteins - ANSWER -Answer D
Rationale Correct. The cytosolic surface of the rough ER is covered by
ribosomes that synthesize proteins that are then transported into the
rough ER, then to the Golgi complex, and finally out of the cell.
A group of mutations, known as MT-ND1, have been identified in
mitochondrial DNA. These mutations are associated with a number of
debilitating diseases stemming from the production of nonfunctional
proteins in the mitochondria.
Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related
to these MT-ND1 mutations?
A
The cell is unable to synthesize most proteins required for normal cell
functions.
B
,The cell is unable to break down toxic materials and would accumulate
large volumes of these materials.
C
The cell is able to synthesize proteins, but the proteins would not fold
properly and would not contain the correct molecular tags for export
from the cell.
D
The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport
and ATP production. - ANSWER -Answer D
Rationale Correct. The electron transport chain and ATP production are
associated with proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
Nonfunctional proteins in the mitochondrion are likely to result in
reduced ATP production.
A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species
found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.
Which cellular component will be found in the widest range of
organisms in the sample?
A
The chloroplast, since all organisms need a source of energy.
, B
The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.
C
The mitochondrion, since all organisms need to break down glucose.
D
The cell wall, since all marine organisms need them for support. -
ANSWER -Answer B
Rationale Correct. Ribosomes are found in all forms of life, allowing for
comparison of the widest possible range of plankton species.
In an experiment, researchers provided a radiolabeled amino acid to
living plant cells. After one hour, the researchers determined the
amount of the radiolabeled amino acid that was in each of several
subcellular compartments. The results of the experiment are
represented in the table.
RELATIVE AMOUNTS OF RADIOLABELED AMINO ACID
Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytosol
2.1 2.7 1.9 1
Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is
best supported by the results of the experiment?
