NSG 233 Med Surg III Exam 2 | Med Surg III Exam |
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Define DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation.
- an acute or chronic thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorder that arises secondary
to various disease states (as acute promyelocytic leukemia, abruptio placentae, or
major trauma) and is marked by uncontrolled systemic coagulation resulting in
thrombosis which in acute cases typically leads to generalized bleeding due to
depletion of clotting factors and increased fibrinolysis.
What are important lab values to know for DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------
------Most tested...
- Decreased platelet count.
- Increased aPTT (partial thromboplastin time, activated).
- Increased D-dimer.
Others
- Increased Prothrombin time. (PTT)
- Increased thrombin time. (PT)
- Decreased Fibrinogen.
- Increased Fibrin degradation products (FDPs).
,- Euglobulin clot lysis is less than or equal to one hour.
What are s/s of DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Characterized by
microthromboses and bleeding!
- bleeding from mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth).
- thrombosis (blood clots) throughout the body.
What 6 major conditions precipitate DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1.
sepsis.
2. trauma.
3. cancer.
4. shock.
5. ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE.
6. allergic reactions.
What medication is given to patients experiencing DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
----------------Heparin!
Why?
- prevents further clots/coagulation.
- buys time to get the clotting factors replenished.
- use a pump to administer and have another nurse witness/sign off.
,- reversal agent is protamine sulfate (no more than 50mg can be given).
- drug interactions with alteplase, cephalosporins, penicillins, and warfarin.
How do you calculate cerebral perfusion pressure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------
----------CCP = MAP - ICP
Cerebral perfusion pressure = Mean arterial pressure - Intracranial pressure.
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
----MAP = (SBP + 2DBP)/3
Mean arterial pressure = (systolic BP + (2 x diastolic BP))/3
What is Beck's Triad and what does it indicate? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
-----1. JVD
2. Muffled heart sounds
3. low blood pressure (hypotension)
Indicates: CARDIAC TAMPONADE.
, Define cardiac tamponade? What are the s/s? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
----Definition: buildup of fluid within the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.
This places pressure on the heart making it more difficult for it to beat.
s/s
- tachycardia due to low cardiac output.
- hypotension.
- pulsus peridoxus (SBP markedly higher during inhalation).
- chest pain.
- tachypnea (fast breathing).
- dyspnea (difficulty breathing).
- JVD.
- Hypotension.
- Heart sounds are muted/muffled.
What is the primary treatment for cardiac tamponade? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
----------------Pericardiocentesis.
- Aspiration of fluid from the pericardial sac.
What is the cardinal behavioral sign of a frontal lobe traumatic brain injury? -------
--CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bizarre or irrational behavior.
Complete Questions and Correct Answers |
Already Graded A+ | Verified Answers | Just
Released
Define DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Disseminated Intravascular
Coagulation.
- an acute or chronic thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorder that arises secondary
to various disease states (as acute promyelocytic leukemia, abruptio placentae, or
major trauma) and is marked by uncontrolled systemic coagulation resulting in
thrombosis which in acute cases typically leads to generalized bleeding due to
depletion of clotting factors and increased fibrinolysis.
What are important lab values to know for DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------
------Most tested...
- Decreased platelet count.
- Increased aPTT (partial thromboplastin time, activated).
- Increased D-dimer.
Others
- Increased Prothrombin time. (PTT)
- Increased thrombin time. (PT)
- Decreased Fibrinogen.
- Increased Fibrin degradation products (FDPs).
,- Euglobulin clot lysis is less than or equal to one hour.
What are s/s of DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Characterized by
microthromboses and bleeding!
- bleeding from mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth).
- thrombosis (blood clots) throughout the body.
What 6 major conditions precipitate DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1.
sepsis.
2. trauma.
3. cancer.
4. shock.
5. ABRUPTIO PLACENTAE.
6. allergic reactions.
What medication is given to patients experiencing DIC? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
----------------Heparin!
Why?
- prevents further clots/coagulation.
- buys time to get the clotting factors replenished.
- use a pump to administer and have another nurse witness/sign off.
,- reversal agent is protamine sulfate (no more than 50mg can be given).
- drug interactions with alteplase, cephalosporins, penicillins, and warfarin.
How do you calculate cerebral perfusion pressure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------
----------CCP = MAP - ICP
Cerebral perfusion pressure = Mean arterial pressure - Intracranial pressure.
How do you calculate mean arterial pressure? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
----MAP = (SBP + 2DBP)/3
Mean arterial pressure = (systolic BP + (2 x diastolic BP))/3
What is Beck's Triad and what does it indicate? ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------
-----1. JVD
2. Muffled heart sounds
3. low blood pressure (hypotension)
Indicates: CARDIAC TAMPONADE.
, Define cardiac tamponade? What are the s/s? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
----Definition: buildup of fluid within the pericardial sac surrounding the heart.
This places pressure on the heart making it more difficult for it to beat.
s/s
- tachycardia due to low cardiac output.
- hypotension.
- pulsus peridoxus (SBP markedly higher during inhalation).
- chest pain.
- tachypnea (fast breathing).
- dyspnea (difficulty breathing).
- JVD.
- Hypotension.
- Heart sounds are muted/muffled.
What is the primary treatment for cardiac tamponade? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-
----------------Pericardiocentesis.
- Aspiration of fluid from the pericardial sac.
What is the cardinal behavioral sign of a frontal lobe traumatic brain injury? -------
--CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Bizarre or irrational behavior.
