BIOD 210 GENETICS FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
white blood cells - ANSWER-Karyotyping is typically done by isolating ________ from a person,
staining them, and taking pictures under a microscope
People who inherit a mutant copy of the β-globulin protein from both parents have sickle-cell anemia.
The mutant β-globulin causes the hemoglobin within red blood cells to distort when the oxygen in the
blood is low, and in fact, deforms the cell shape so much that the distorted cells break very easily. In
turn, the loss of the broken cells lowers the total number of red blood cells, resulting in anemia
In addition, the odd shape of the red blood cells actually causes blockages in small blood vessels,
which causes pain and damage to the brain, heart, muscles, and kidneys. The condition is especially
exacerbated under atmospheric conditions where oxygen is lower, so people with sickle-cell anemia
can become extremely sick at high altitudes. - ANSWER-Describe Sickle Cell Anemia
- Easy to grow and breed
- Self-fertilizing
- Easy to cross-breed - ANSWER-Why did Mendel use a pea plant for his studies?
monohybrid - ANSWER-A __________ cross occurs when two pure individual parental strains are
mated that contrast ONLY in the trait that is being observed
P1 - ANSWER-In genetics, _______ refers to the original parental generation
F1 , first filial generation - ANSWER-The first set of offspring from the parents are called the ___
generation, which stands for ______________.
phenotype - ANSWER-The term _____________ is used to describe the physical manifestation of any
trait
75%, 25%
the ratio is 3:1 - ANSWER-In the second generation of a heterozygous monohybrid cross, what
percentage of the offspring have the dominant phenotype? recessive?
a gene is defined as a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to
determine some characteristic of the offspring - ANSWER-Define gene
Alleles - ANSWER-_________ are simply variations of a given gene
If F1 generation of a dihybrid cross is crossed, it will result in the 9:3:3:1 ratio of offspring - ANSWER-
Explain Mendel's 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio
product law of probabilities
often 3/4 * 1/4 in some frequency - ANSWER-The ___________________________________ in
genetics states that "the probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is
equal to the product of their individual probabilities
gene interaction - ANSWER-in ___________________________, a single phenotype is affected by
more than a single gene
ANSWERS
white blood cells - ANSWER-Karyotyping is typically done by isolating ________ from a person,
staining them, and taking pictures under a microscope
People who inherit a mutant copy of the β-globulin protein from both parents have sickle-cell anemia.
The mutant β-globulin causes the hemoglobin within red blood cells to distort when the oxygen in the
blood is low, and in fact, deforms the cell shape so much that the distorted cells break very easily. In
turn, the loss of the broken cells lowers the total number of red blood cells, resulting in anemia
In addition, the odd shape of the red blood cells actually causes blockages in small blood vessels,
which causes pain and damage to the brain, heart, muscles, and kidneys. The condition is especially
exacerbated under atmospheric conditions where oxygen is lower, so people with sickle-cell anemia
can become extremely sick at high altitudes. - ANSWER-Describe Sickle Cell Anemia
- Easy to grow and breed
- Self-fertilizing
- Easy to cross-breed - ANSWER-Why did Mendel use a pea plant for his studies?
monohybrid - ANSWER-A __________ cross occurs when two pure individual parental strains are
mated that contrast ONLY in the trait that is being observed
P1 - ANSWER-In genetics, _______ refers to the original parental generation
F1 , first filial generation - ANSWER-The first set of offspring from the parents are called the ___
generation, which stands for ______________.
phenotype - ANSWER-The term _____________ is used to describe the physical manifestation of any
trait
75%, 25%
the ratio is 3:1 - ANSWER-In the second generation of a heterozygous monohybrid cross, what
percentage of the offspring have the dominant phenotype? recessive?
a gene is defined as a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to
determine some characteristic of the offspring - ANSWER-Define gene
Alleles - ANSWER-_________ are simply variations of a given gene
If F1 generation of a dihybrid cross is crossed, it will result in the 9:3:3:1 ratio of offspring - ANSWER-
Explain Mendel's 9:3:3:1 dihybrid ratio
product law of probabilities
often 3/4 * 1/4 in some frequency - ANSWER-The ___________________________________ in
genetics states that "the probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously is
equal to the product of their individual probabilities
gene interaction - ANSWER-in ___________________________, a single phenotype is affected by
more than a single gene
