Experience Human Development Chapter 9
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Height and weight
✓✓ Children grow about 2-3 inches per year between ages 6 and 11 and
approximately double their weight during that period. Girls retain more fatty
tissue. African American boys tend to grow faster than white children.
Less than 10% of cals
✓✓ should come from saturated fat.
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Nutrition
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✓✓ schoolchildren need, on average, 2,400 calories a day.
Sleep
✓✓ 10 hours at age 9, 9 hours at age 13
Sleep problems
✓✓ resistance to going to bed, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness are common.
They make their own bedtimes, and have TV's in their bedrooms.
Recess-Time Play
✓✓ Informal and spontaneously organized. Boys play more physically active
games. Girls favor games that include verbal expression or counting aloud
Rough-and-tumble play
✓✓ Wrestling, kicking, tumbling, grappling, and chasing. Seems to be universal.
Rough and Tumble adaptive benefits
✓✓ Hones skeletal and muscle development, offers safe practice for hunting and
fighting skills, and channels aggression and competition.
Sports
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✓✓ 38.5% participate in organized sports. Improves motor skills, weight control,
lower blood pressure, improved cardiovascular functioning, and enhanced self-
esteem and well-being.
Obesity in children has become
✓✓ a major health issue worldwide. Boys are more likely to be overweight than
girls.
Body image
✓✓ how one believes one looks. Playing with physically unrealistic dolls, such as
barbie, may be an influence in that direction.
Causes of obesity
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✓✓ Inherited tendency aggravated by too little exercise and too much or the
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wrong kinds of foods. Eating out. Inactivity.
Childhood obesity concerns
✓✓ Risk for behavioral problems, depression and low self-esteem, medical
problems (HBP, High Cholesterol, High insulin levels) Childhood diabetes.
Overweight children often
✓✓ Suffer emotionally and may compensate by indulging with treats, making
their physical and social problems even worse. Fall behind other classmates.
Hypertension
✓✓ Chronically high blood pressure.
Preventing weight gain is
✓✓ easier, less costly, and more effective than treating obesity.
Children should only get about
✓✓ 30 percent of their total calories from fat and less than 10 percent of the total
from saturated fat.
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Effective weight-management programs should include
✓✓ efforts of parents, schools, physicians, communities, and the larger culture.
Acute medical conditions
✓✓ occasional short-term conditions, such as infections and warts. Common.
Chronic medical conditions
✓✓ Physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions that persist for
3 months or more.
Asthma
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✓✓ A chronic Respiratory disease, apparently allergy-based and characterized by
sudden attacks of coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
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Diabetes
✓✓ One of the most common diseases in school-aged children. High levels of
glucose ni the blood as a result of defective insulin production, ineffective insulin
action, or both.
Symptoms of diabetes
✓✓ Thirst, urination, hunger, weightloss, blurred vision, fatigue.
Accidental injuries
✓✓ Leading cause of death among school-aged U.S. children. (Brain injuries
from bike accidents) 88% can be prevented.
concrete operations
✓✓ 3rd stage of piagets cognitive development (ages 7-12) during which children
develop logical but not abstract thought.
Categorization includes
✓✓ abilities as seriation, transitive inference, and class inclusion. Improve
gradually between eraly and middle childhood.