test bank for Language culture and communication 7th edition by bonvillain.

TEST BANK FOR LANGUAGE CULTURE AND
COMMUNICATION: THE MEANING OF MESSAGES 7TH
EDITION BY NANCY BONVILLAIN




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,Chapter 1 – Introduction


C hapter Objectives

After Reading This Chapter Students Should Be Able To:
1. Explain The Concept Of A Speech Community.
2. Explain The Goals And Methodologies Of Ethnolinguists.
3. Explain The Goals And Methodologies Of Sociolinguists.
4. Describe The Similarities And Differences Between Ethnolinguistic And
Sociolinguistic Approaches To Communicative Behavior.
5. Define Discourse And Understand Its Importance In The Study Of Interaction.
6. Explain What Language Ideologies Are And How They Are Connected To Language Use.


K
Chapter Overview

This Chapter Introduces The Student To The Basic Connections Between Language, Identity, And
Ideology As Well As Some Methodologies To Explore These Connections. The Chapter Begins By
Describing The Difference Between Situational, Social, And Cultural Meanings, As Well As
Stressing The Importance Of Context And Cultural Models On Communicative Behavior. Next, The
Author Introduces The Student To The Ideas Of Speech Community And Speech Network, Noting
The Differences Between The Two Notions And How Both Affect Language Use. The Different
Levels Of Linguistic Pressures And Control In Dense And Weak Social Networks Are Also
Addressed. Following This, Students Are Presented With The Basic Assumptions, Goals, And
Methodologies Involved In Ethnolinguistics, Sociolinguistics And Language Variation Studies,
Discourse Analysis, And Critical Discourse Analysis. Finally, The Chapter Defines Language
Ideologies And Gives Basic Background Information About The Dissemination And Effects Of
Language Ideologies.


Technical Terms: Anthropologist, Critical Discourse Analysis, Cultural Meanings, Cultural Model,
Discourse, Discourse Analysis, Ethnographic, Ethnography Of Communication, Ethnolinguist,
Ethnolinguistic Approach, Language Ideologies, Linguist, Linguistic Variation, Situational Meanings,
Social Meanings, Sociolinguistic Approach, Sociolinguistics, Speech Community, Speech Network


2

,Chapter Outline
I. Introduction

• Speech Communities
• Ethnolinguistics
• Sociolinguistics
• Discourse

• Language Ideologies
II. Plan Of The Book



Discussion Questions
1. Labov States That Members Of Speech Communities Have Shared Language Norms And
Attitudes. Has A Member Of Your Speech Community Ever Corrected Your Language Use, Or Have
You Ever Corrected Someone Else? What Do These Corrections Reveal About The Norms And
Attitudes Of Your Speech Community?
2. Which Variables In Your Own Speech Are Tied To Certain Aspects Of Your Identity? For
Example, Are There Any Things You Say (Or Ways That You Say Them) That Connect To Your
Geographical Region, Gender, Sexual Orientation, Race, Ethnicity, Religion, Political Orientation,
Profession, Etc.?
3. Do You Think Your Speech Changes Based On The Situation—What You Are Doing, Where You
Are, Or Who You Are With? Does It Remain The Same? If It Does Change, In What Ways Does It
Vary?
4. Brainstorm Some Things That People ―Should‖ And ―Should Not‖ Do With Language. What Do The
Ideas Generated In The Brainstorming Session Reveal About The Language Ideologies Of The Class
Or The Larger Community?


Research Questions
1. Observe Coworkers Communicating At Work. Write Down Any Specialized Terms You Hear
The Employees Use. Write An Essay In Which You Describe The Jargon Used In That Workplace
Setting And Reflect Upon The Social Meanings Of Those Terms.

3

, 2. Linguist Penelope Eckert Has Posited That There Are Three Waves Of Variation Studies In
Sociolinguistics. Read Her Article On This Subject And Write An Essay Which Compares And
Contrasts The Three Approaches To Linguistic Variation That She Describes.
3. Choose A Social Factor That Affects Language Use—Gender, Race, Age, Socioeconomic
Class, Etc.—And Investigate Studies That Examine That Factor. Write A Review Of The
Literature You Find That Discusses The Linguistic Effects Of That Particular Social Factor.


Other Readings:
Gumperz, John J. And Dell Hymes (Eds.). 1986. Directions In Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography Of
Communication. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Ltd.
Hymes, Dell. 1974. Foundations Of Socio-Linguistics. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania
Press.



Speech Communities And Social Networks
Hymes, Dell. 1986. Models Of Interaction Of Language And Social Life. In Directions In
Sociolinguistics: The Ethnography Of Communication, Ed. J. Gumperz And D. Hymes. Oxford:
Basil Blackwell, Ltd.
Labov, William. 1966. The Survey Of The Lower East Side. Ch. 6, The Social Stratification Of English
In New York City. Washington, DC: Center For Applied Linguistics, Pp. 154-204.
Labov, William. 1972. The Linguistic Consequences Of Being A Lame. Ch. 7, Language In The Inner
City: Studies In Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press, Pp. 255-
292.
Labov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University Of Pennsylvania Press.
Milroy, Leslie. 1980. Language And Social Networks. Oxford: Blackwell.
Milroy, Leslie. 2002. Social Networks. In The Handbook Of Language Variation And Change, Ed. J.
K. Chambers, P. Trudgill And N. Schilling-Estes. Oxford: Blackwell, Pp. 549-571.
Milroy, Leslie And James Milroy. 1992. Social Network And Social Class: Toward An Integrated
Sociolinguistic Model. Language In Society 21:1-26
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