Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gi0hjv
1. Following routine Ans: D Feedback: A polyp is a growth that projects from a
colonoscopy screening, a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. Although the term
client is told that he had usually implies a benign neoplasm, some malignant tumors
several polyps removed. The also appear as polyps. Adenomatous polyps are considered
client began crying stating, precursors to adenocarcinomas of the colon.
"I just can't deal with cancer.
I'm too young." The nurse re-
sponds: A) "Don't worry. We
have some great cancer doc-
tors on staff. I'm sure chemo
will help you fight it." B)
"Maybe if you're lucky, they
have stopped it from metas-
tasizing to your liver." C) "A
simple intestinal surgery will
cure you." D) "Most colon
polyps are not cancerous. The
biopsy results will direct your
care."
2. A lung biopsy and magnetic Ans: A Feedback: Benign neoplasms typically grow by expan-
resonance imaging have con- sion rather than invasion. As well, they are usually contained
firmed the presence of a be- within a fibrous capsule. Malignant tumors are associated with
nign lung tumor in a client. undifferentiated cells, metastasis, and infiltration of surround-
Which of the following char- ing tissue.
acteristics is associated with
this client's neoplasm? A) The
tumor will grow by expan-
sion and is likely encapsulat-
ed. B) The cells that constitute
the tumor are undifferentiat-
ed, with atypical structure. C)
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If left untreated, the client's
tumor is likely to metastasize.
D) The tumor is likely to in-
filtrate the lung tissue that
presently surrounds it.
3. 3. A newly diagnosed lung Ans: C Feedback: Malignant tumors affect area tissues by liber-
cancer client asks how his tu- ating enzymes and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and normal
mor spread (metastasized) so tissue. In addition, the malignant cells compress area vessels,
fast without displaying many causing ischemia and tissue necrosis. The high metabolic rate
signs/symptoms. The nurse of tumor growth causes the tumor to deprive the normal tissues
responds that malignant tu- of essential nutrients.
mors affect area tissues by: A)
Increasing tissue blood flow
B) Providing essential nutri-
ents
C)Liberating enzymes and
toxinsD)Forming fibrous
membranes
4. A client had a positive Pap Ans: C Feedback: Cancer in situ is a localized preinvasive lesion.
smear. The surgeon diag- As an example, in breast ductal carcinoma, in situ the cells
nosed "cancer in situ of the have not crossed the basement membrane. Depending on its
cervix." The client asks, "What location, an in situ lesion usually can be removed surgically
does this mean?" From the or treated so that the chances of recurrence are small. For
following statements, which example, cancer in situ of the cervix is essentially 100% curable.
is most appropriate in re-
sponse to this question? The
tumor has: A) Been walled
off within a strong fibrous
capsule B) Developed a dis-
tant infiltration C) Not crossed
, Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study questions
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the basement membrane, so
it can be surgically removed
with little chance of growing
back D) Grown undifferentiat-
ed cells that no longer look
like the tissue from which it
arose
5. While studying to become Ans: B, C Feedback: One of the reasons cancerous tumors often
chemo-certified, the nurse re- seem to grow so rapidly relates to the size of the cell pool that
views some basic concepts is actively engaged in cycling. It has been shown that the cell
about cancer cells. When a cycle time of cancerous tissue cells is not necessarily shorter
client asks about why the tu- than that of normal cells. Rather, cancer cells do not die on
mor grows so fast, the nurse schedule, and growth factors prevent cells from exiting the
will respond based on which cell cycle and entering the G0 or noncycling phase. The ratio
of the following physiological of dividing cells to resting cells in a tissue mass is called the
principles? Select all that ap- growth fraction. The doubling time is the length of time it takes
ply. A) Cancer cells have short- for the total mass of cells in a tumor to double. As the growth
er cell cycle times than nor- fraction increases, the doubling time decreases. When normal
mal cells. B) Cancer cells do tissues reach their adult size, an equilibrium between cell birth
not die when they are pro- and cell death is reached. Cancer cells, however, continue to
grammed to die. C) Growth divide until limitations in blood supply and nutrients inhibit
factors prevents cancer cells their growth. When this occurs, the doubling time for cancer
from entering resting (G0) cell cells decreases. The initial growth rate is exponential and then
cycle phase. D) Cancer cells tends to decrease or flatten out over time.
will reach a balance between
cell birth and cell death rate.
E) Cancer cells never reach a
flattened growth rate.
6. Although growth rate is vari- Ans: B
able among types of bacteria, Feedback:
, Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gi0hjv
the growth of bacteria is de- Bacterial growth is dependent upon the availability of nutrients
pendent on: and physical growth conditions. Bacteria prefer to colonize
A) Biofilm communication as biofilm and communicate with other bacteria within the
B) Availability of nutrients biofilm, but biofilm is not necessary for growth. Viruses (not
C) An intact protein capsid bacteria) form a capsid. Although some bacteria have projec-
D) Individual cell motility tions for motility, these are not necessary for growth.
7. Which of the following outpa- Ans: A, B, D
tients are at a greater risk for Feedback:
developing Treponema pal- Treponema pallidum is a sexually transmitted infection that is
lidum, the cause of syphilis? spread by direct physical contact. The Borrelia type of spiro-
Select all that apply. chete is spread from animals to humans through lice or tick
A) A homeless adolescent fe- bites. Leptospira spirochetes spread from animals to humans
male performing oral sex for through contact with infected animal urine. Spirochetes are
money anaerobic; therefore, they would not invade the host through
B) A male who frequents clubs oxygen-filled aerobic lungs.
catering to exotic dancers and
sexual favors
C) A homosexual male cou-
ple who have had a monog-
amous relationship for the
past 20 years
D) An older adult female living
in a condominium who regu-
larly has sex with three to four
different men/week
8. Chlamydiaceae have charac- Ans: A, B, C
teristics of both viruses and Feedback:
bacteria and are a rather com- Chlamydiaceae are in the form of an elementary body when
mon sexually transmitted in- infectious and outside of the host cell. Once an organism
fectious organism. After entry enters the cell, it transforms into a large reticulate body. This
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gi0hjv
1. Following routine Ans: D Feedback: A polyp is a growth that projects from a
colonoscopy screening, a mucosal surface, such as the intestine. Although the term
client is told that he had usually implies a benign neoplasm, some malignant tumors
several polyps removed. The also appear as polyps. Adenomatous polyps are considered
client began crying stating, precursors to adenocarcinomas of the colon.
"I just can't deal with cancer.
I'm too young." The nurse re-
sponds: A) "Don't worry. We
have some great cancer doc-
tors on staff. I'm sure chemo
will help you fight it." B)
"Maybe if you're lucky, they
have stopped it from metas-
tasizing to your liver." C) "A
simple intestinal surgery will
cure you." D) "Most colon
polyps are not cancerous. The
biopsy results will direct your
care."
2. A lung biopsy and magnetic Ans: A Feedback: Benign neoplasms typically grow by expan-
resonance imaging have con- sion rather than invasion. As well, they are usually contained
firmed the presence of a be- within a fibrous capsule. Malignant tumors are associated with
nign lung tumor in a client. undifferentiated cells, metastasis, and infiltration of surround-
Which of the following char- ing tissue.
acteristics is associated with
this client's neoplasm? A) The
tumor will grow by expan-
sion and is likely encapsulat-
ed. B) The cells that constitute
the tumor are undifferentiat-
ed, with atypical structure. C)
, Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gi0hjv
If left untreated, the client's
tumor is likely to metastasize.
D) The tumor is likely to in-
filtrate the lung tissue that
presently surrounds it.
3. 3. A newly diagnosed lung Ans: C Feedback: Malignant tumors affect area tissues by liber-
cancer client asks how his tu- ating enzymes and toxins that destroy tumor tissue and normal
mor spread (metastasized) so tissue. In addition, the malignant cells compress area vessels,
fast without displaying many causing ischemia and tissue necrosis. The high metabolic rate
signs/symptoms. The nurse of tumor growth causes the tumor to deprive the normal tissues
responds that malignant tu- of essential nutrients.
mors affect area tissues by: A)
Increasing tissue blood flow
B) Providing essential nutri-
ents
C)Liberating enzymes and
toxinsD)Forming fibrous
membranes
4. A client had a positive Pap Ans: C Feedback: Cancer in situ is a localized preinvasive lesion.
smear. The surgeon diag- As an example, in breast ductal carcinoma, in situ the cells
nosed "cancer in situ of the have not crossed the basement membrane. Depending on its
cervix." The client asks, "What location, an in situ lesion usually can be removed surgically
does this mean?" From the or treated so that the chances of recurrence are small. For
following statements, which example, cancer in situ of the cervix is essentially 100% curable.
is most appropriate in re-
sponse to this question? The
tumor has: A) Been walled
off within a strong fibrous
capsule B) Developed a dis-
tant infiltration C) Not crossed
, Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gi0hjv
the basement membrane, so
it can be surgically removed
with little chance of growing
back D) Grown undifferentiat-
ed cells that no longer look
like the tissue from which it
arose
5. While studying to become Ans: B, C Feedback: One of the reasons cancerous tumors often
chemo-certified, the nurse re- seem to grow so rapidly relates to the size of the cell pool that
views some basic concepts is actively engaged in cycling. It has been shown that the cell
about cancer cells. When a cycle time of cancerous tissue cells is not necessarily shorter
client asks about why the tu- than that of normal cells. Rather, cancer cells do not die on
mor grows so fast, the nurse schedule, and growth factors prevent cells from exiting the
will respond based on which cell cycle and entering the G0 or noncycling phase. The ratio
of the following physiological of dividing cells to resting cells in a tissue mass is called the
principles? Select all that ap- growth fraction. The doubling time is the length of time it takes
ply. A) Cancer cells have short- for the total mass of cells in a tumor to double. As the growth
er cell cycle times than nor- fraction increases, the doubling time decreases. When normal
mal cells. B) Cancer cells do tissues reach their adult size, an equilibrium between cell birth
not die when they are pro- and cell death is reached. Cancer cells, however, continue to
grammed to die. C) Growth divide until limitations in blood supply and nutrients inhibit
factors prevents cancer cells their growth. When this occurs, the doubling time for cancer
from entering resting (G0) cell cells decreases. The initial growth rate is exponential and then
cycle phase. D) Cancer cells tends to decrease or flatten out over time.
will reach a balance between
cell birth and cell death rate.
E) Cancer cells never reach a
flattened growth rate.
6. Although growth rate is vari- Ans: B
able among types of bacteria, Feedback:
, Advanced Pathophysiology HESI study questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gi0hjv
the growth of bacteria is de- Bacterial growth is dependent upon the availability of nutrients
pendent on: and physical growth conditions. Bacteria prefer to colonize
A) Biofilm communication as biofilm and communicate with other bacteria within the
B) Availability of nutrients biofilm, but biofilm is not necessary for growth. Viruses (not
C) An intact protein capsid bacteria) form a capsid. Although some bacteria have projec-
D) Individual cell motility tions for motility, these are not necessary for growth.
7. Which of the following outpa- Ans: A, B, D
tients are at a greater risk for Feedback:
developing Treponema pal- Treponema pallidum is a sexually transmitted infection that is
lidum, the cause of syphilis? spread by direct physical contact. The Borrelia type of spiro-
Select all that apply. chete is spread from animals to humans through lice or tick
A) A homeless adolescent fe- bites. Leptospira spirochetes spread from animals to humans
male performing oral sex for through contact with infected animal urine. Spirochetes are
money anaerobic; therefore, they would not invade the host through
B) A male who frequents clubs oxygen-filled aerobic lungs.
catering to exotic dancers and
sexual favors
C) A homosexual male cou-
ple who have had a monog-
amous relationship for the
past 20 years
D) An older adult female living
in a condominium who regu-
larly has sex with three to four
different men/week
8. Chlamydiaceae have charac- Ans: A, B, C
teristics of both viruses and Feedback:
bacteria and are a rather com- Chlamydiaceae are in the form of an elementary body when
mon sexually transmitted in- infectious and outside of the host cell. Once an organism
fectious organism. After entry enters the cell, it transforms into a large reticulate body. This
