Crude Druge family, synonym, family pharmacognosy 2025
Waxes - Beeswax, Spermaceti, Carnauba wax
Volatile oils - ans¢Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes obtained from plants.
Unorganized drugs - ansThese are drugs which are prepared from plants by some intermediate physical
process such as incision, drying or extraction and not containing any cellular plant tissue
Unorganized Drugs
Unorganized Drugs
Unorganized Drugs
Unorganized Drugs
United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary
Types of crude drugs under the morphological system of classification - ans1.Organized drugs
This is also referred to as therapeutic classification of drugs.
These may be of plant, animal or mineral origin.
These may be of plant or animal origin.
These have well defined cellular structure.
These do not have well defined cellular structure.
These are the product of plant or animals.
These are direct part of plants or animals.
There is no repetition of entries and is devoid of confusion.
The following pharmacopoeia, dictionaries and reference books classify crude drugs according to this
system: - ans¢
The chemical classification of drugs is dependent upon the grouping of drugs with identical constituents.
Taxonomic classification - ans¢This is based on principle of natural relationship and evolutionary
developments.
Taxonomic classification
Tannins - ans¢Tannins are complex organic, non-nitrogenous derivatives of polyhydroxy benzoic acids
Species
Sources of crude drugs - ans¢Higher plants
Seeds- Bitter almond, Black Mustard, Cardamom, Colchicum, Ispaghula,, Linseed, Nutmeg, Nux vomica.
Roots and Rhizomes- Colchicum corm, Dioscorea, Garlic, Ginger, Ginseng, Glycyrrhiza.
Resins- Benzoin, Coal tar, Tar, Tolu balsam,
Plant and herbs- Ergot, Ephedra, Vinca
Phylum
Pharmacological classification - ansThis involves grouping of drug according to their pharmacological
action.
Pharmacological classification
Organized drugs - ansThese are drugs obtained from the direct parts of the plants and containing cellular
tissues
Order
Morphological classification - ansIn this system, the drugs are arranged according to the morphological or
external characters of the plant parts or animal parts.
Morphological classification
Local/ vernacular names
Lipids - ans¢Fixed oils - Castor, Olive, Almond, Shark liver oil
Kingdom
It is helpful for studying evolutionary developments
In this system location, tracing and addition of drug entries is easy
Importance of crude drugs - ans¢Plant-derived medicines are useful therapeutic options and often
provide a safe form of therapy.
i.e. which part of the plant is used as a drug e. g. leaves, roots, stem
Hair and fibres- Cotton, Hemp silk, Flax
Gums - Acacia, Indian Gum, Sterculia, Tragacenth.
Glycosides - ansGlycosides are compounds which upon hydrolysis give rise to one or more sugars
(glycone) and non-sugar (aglycone).¢Anthraquinone Glycosides - Aloe, Cascara, Rhubarb, Senna
Ghana Herbal Pharmacopoeia
Genus
Generally identified by organoleptic properties.
Waxes - Beeswax, Spermaceti, Carnauba wax
Volatile oils - ans¢Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes obtained from plants.
Unorganized drugs - ansThese are drugs which are prepared from plants by some intermediate physical
process such as incision, drying or extraction and not containing any cellular plant tissue
Unorganized Drugs
Unorganized Drugs
Unorganized Drugs
Unorganized Drugs
United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary
Types of crude drugs under the morphological system of classification - ans1.Organized drugs
This is also referred to as therapeutic classification of drugs.
These may be of plant, animal or mineral origin.
These may be of plant or animal origin.
These have well defined cellular structure.
These do not have well defined cellular structure.
These are the product of plant or animals.
These are direct part of plants or animals.
There is no repetition of entries and is devoid of confusion.
The following pharmacopoeia, dictionaries and reference books classify crude drugs according to this
system: - ans¢
The chemical classification of drugs is dependent upon the grouping of drugs with identical constituents.
Taxonomic classification - ans¢This is based on principle of natural relationship and evolutionary
developments.
Taxonomic classification
Tannins - ans¢Tannins are complex organic, non-nitrogenous derivatives of polyhydroxy benzoic acids
Species
Sources of crude drugs - ans¢Higher plants
Seeds- Bitter almond, Black Mustard, Cardamom, Colchicum, Ispaghula,, Linseed, Nutmeg, Nux vomica.
Roots and Rhizomes- Colchicum corm, Dioscorea, Garlic, Ginger, Ginseng, Glycyrrhiza.
Resins- Benzoin, Coal tar, Tar, Tolu balsam,
Plant and herbs- Ergot, Ephedra, Vinca
Phylum
Pharmacological classification - ansThis involves grouping of drug according to their pharmacological
action.
Pharmacological classification
Organized drugs - ansThese are drugs obtained from the direct parts of the plants and containing cellular
tissues
Order
Morphological classification - ansIn this system, the drugs are arranged according to the morphological or
external characters of the plant parts or animal parts.
Morphological classification
Local/ vernacular names
Lipids - ans¢Fixed oils - Castor, Olive, Almond, Shark liver oil
Kingdom
It is helpful for studying evolutionary developments
In this system location, tracing and addition of drug entries is easy
Importance of crude drugs - ans¢Plant-derived medicines are useful therapeutic options and often
provide a safe form of therapy.
i.e. which part of the plant is used as a drug e. g. leaves, roots, stem
Hair and fibres- Cotton, Hemp silk, Flax
Gums - Acacia, Indian Gum, Sterculia, Tragacenth.
Glycosides - ansGlycosides are compounds which upon hydrolysis give rise to one or more sugars
(glycone) and non-sugar (aglycone).¢Anthraquinone Glycosides - Aloe, Cascara, Rhubarb, Senna
Ghana Herbal Pharmacopoeia
Genus
Generally identified by organoleptic properties.
