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ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
3 major phases of cell division: - correct answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - correct answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - correct answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - correct answer- Non-specific response,
either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
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Adaptive immunity: - correct answer- Follows innate immunity if
unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - correct answer- Variations in the nucleotide
sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - correct answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - correct answer- Treatment is
given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - correct answer- Additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that
the cancer reoccur
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Define conditioning/preparative therapy - correct answer-
Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - correct answer-
Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - correct answer- Drug dose per unit of
time
Define dose intensity - correct answer- Amount of drug
delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - correct
answer- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY
received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
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How do alkylating agents work? - correct answer- By causing a
break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication
and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - correct answer- 1.
Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but
still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - correct
answer- Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - correct answer-
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - correct answer- Cisplatin
(Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
ONS CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025
3 major phases of cell division: - correct answer- Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - correct answer- First growth phase (G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - correct answer- Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - correct answer- Non-specific response,
either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells,
granulocytes, macrophages)
,2 | Page
Adaptive immunity: - correct answer- Follows innate immunity if
unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or
immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit
inflammatory responses)
Define mutations - correct answer- Variations in the nucleotide
sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - correct answer- Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - correct answer- Treatment is
given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - correct answer- Additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that
the cancer reoccur
,3 | Page
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - correct answer-
Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell
transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - correct answer-
Myeloablative
Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - correct answer- Drug dose per unit of
time
Define dose intensity - correct answer- Amount of drug
delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - correct
answer- By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY
received to the planned dose of the standard regimen
, 4 | Page
How do alkylating agents work? - correct answer- By causing a
break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication
and causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - correct answer- 1.
Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but
still termed alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - correct
answer- Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - correct answer-
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
Bendamustine (Treanda)
Common platinum-based agents: - correct answer- Cisplatin
(Platinol)
Carboplatin (Paraplatin)
