BIOD 152 Module 7
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1. The urinary system two, two, one
has ____ kidneys, _____
ureters, and _____
bladder.
2. Describe the shape, An adult kidney is bean-shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs
weight and location about 5 ounces. The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left because of
of the adult kidney. the liver's location just above it. Both kidneys are mostly protected by the
rib cage because of their location between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
3. The ____glands are lo- Adrenal glands
cated on top of each
kidney.
4. Describe the three The kidney surface is protected by three layers of specialized tissue.
layers of protective - renal capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which protects it
tissue that surround from injury and infection
the kidney. - Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from
trauma called the adipose capsule
- The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the
kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity
5. A vertical cross sec- the cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis
tion shows what
three regions inside
the kidney?
6. The _____ is a con- Renal cortex
tinuous outer region
with several cortical
columns.
7. Pyramids
, BIOD 152 Module 7
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The renal medulla is
divided into sections
called _____.
8. Describe the renal The renal pelvis constitutes a funnel-shaped tube that connects to the
pelvis. ureter as it leaves the hilus.
9. Trace the flow of (1) Renal artery, (2) Segmental artery, (3) Lobar artery, (4) Interlobar
blood through the artery, (5) Arcuate artery, (6) Interlobular artery, (7) Afferent arteriole, (8)
vessels of the kidney Glomerular capillaries, (9) Efferent arteriole, (10) Peritubular or Vasa recta
from renal artery into capillaries, (11) Interlobular vein, (12) Arcuate vein, (13) Interlobar vein,
the glomerulus and (14) Renal vein
back to the renal vein.
10. Input from the _______ sympathetic nervous system
adjusts the diameter
of the renal arteries
thereby regulating re-
nal blood flow.
11. Urine is carried from ureters
the kidneys to the
bladder by thin mus-
cular tubes called
____.
12. ______are sphincters Ureterovesical valves
located where the
ureters enter the
bladder.
13.
, BIOD 152 Module 7
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Describe the three The inner lining, made of transitional epithelium, is continuous with the
layers of the ureter kidney's lining. The middle layer is two sheets of muscle, one longitudinal
wall. and the other circular. The outer adventitia layer is fibrous connective tissue.
14. Describe the uri- The urinary bladder is the hollow, muscular, elastic pouch that receives, and
nary bladder. Com- stores urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal through the urethra.
pare male and female In males, the base of the bladder lies in front of the rectum and just behind
locations. the pubic symphysis. In females, the bladder sits below the uterus and in
front of the vagina, so the maximum capacity of the bladder is lower in
females than in males.
15. Both ureters open ureteral orifices
into the bladder via
the _____.
16. Describe the three The outer adventitia is fibrous connective tissue, the middle layer is a
layers of the bladder. muscular layer known as the detrusor muscle with inner and outer lon-
gitudinal layers and middle circular layer, the inner mucosal layer is com-
posed of transitional epithelium. Transitional epithelial cells are specialized
to stretch, allowing for the organ to increase its volume as it fills, while
protecting and covering the underlying tissues. As the bladder empties,
they recoil back to their original shape.
17. Describe the bladder The bladder is very elastic, collapsing into it a pyramidal shape when empty.
when it is full and As it is filled by urine, the bladder swells and becomes pear-shaped, rising
when it is empty. in the abdominal cavity.
18. Describe the two The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the
sphincters of the bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the
bladder. bladder. The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of
skeletal muscle, surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.
19.
, BIOD 152 Module 7
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Discuss the differ- In males and females, the length and functions of the urethra differ. The
ences between the female urethra is shorter and only carries urine while the male urethra is
male and female ure- about 5 times longer and carries both urine and semen from the body
thra.
20. What are the three re- The prostatic urethra which runs within the prostate gland, the membra-
gions of the male ure- nous urethra which runs within the urogenital diaphragm and the spongy
thra? (penile) urethra.
21. What is a nephron? The basic structural and functional unit of a kidney. The function of the
nephron is to control the concentration of water and soluble materials by
filtering the blood, reabsorbing needed materials and excreting the rest as
urine.
22. Each nephron con- Two parts: the glomerular capsule (renal corpuscle) and the renal tubule.
sists of:
23. The renal tubule is Three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle, and
made of: the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
24. Describe the struc- the renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus, a network of tiny
ture of the renal cor- blood capillaries surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, a
puscle. double-walled simple squamous epithelial cup.
- The glomerular capillaries are extremely porous.
- The capillary endothelium has fenestrations (pores) which allow certain
substances to leave the capillaries.
25. What causes water The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger
and solutes to leave in diameter than the efferent arteriole
the glomerulus? - difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the
glomerular capillaries, forcing water and solutes out of the blood, thus
making filtration possible
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gcoo7k
1. The urinary system two, two, one
has ____ kidneys, _____
ureters, and _____
bladder.
2. Describe the shape, An adult kidney is bean-shaped, about the size of a can of soup and weighs
weight and location about 5 ounces. The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left because of
of the adult kidney. the liver's location just above it. Both kidneys are mostly protected by the
rib cage because of their location between the T-12 and L-3 vertebra.
3. The ____glands are lo- Adrenal glands
cated on top of each
kidney.
4. Describe the three The kidney surface is protected by three layers of specialized tissue.
layers of protective - renal capsule is a tough fibrous outer skin of the kidney which protects it
tissue that surround from injury and infection
the kidney. - Outside of the renal capsule is a fatty layer that protects the kidney from
trauma called the adipose capsule
- The outer renal fascia is dense fibrous connective tissue which keeps the
kidney in place inside the abdominal cavity
5. A vertical cross sec- the cortex, the medulla, and the pelvis
tion shows what
three regions inside
the kidney?
6. The _____ is a con- Renal cortex
tinuous outer region
with several cortical
columns.
7. Pyramids
, BIOD 152 Module 7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gcoo7k
The renal medulla is
divided into sections
called _____.
8. Describe the renal The renal pelvis constitutes a funnel-shaped tube that connects to the
pelvis. ureter as it leaves the hilus.
9. Trace the flow of (1) Renal artery, (2) Segmental artery, (3) Lobar artery, (4) Interlobar
blood through the artery, (5) Arcuate artery, (6) Interlobular artery, (7) Afferent arteriole, (8)
vessels of the kidney Glomerular capillaries, (9) Efferent arteriole, (10) Peritubular or Vasa recta
from renal artery into capillaries, (11) Interlobular vein, (12) Arcuate vein, (13) Interlobar vein,
the glomerulus and (14) Renal vein
back to the renal vein.
10. Input from the _______ sympathetic nervous system
adjusts the diameter
of the renal arteries
thereby regulating re-
nal blood flow.
11. Urine is carried from ureters
the kidneys to the
bladder by thin mus-
cular tubes called
____.
12. ______are sphincters Ureterovesical valves
located where the
ureters enter the
bladder.
13.
, BIOD 152 Module 7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gcoo7k
Describe the three The inner lining, made of transitional epithelium, is continuous with the
layers of the ureter kidney's lining. The middle layer is two sheets of muscle, one longitudinal
wall. and the other circular. The outer adventitia layer is fibrous connective tissue.
14. Describe the uri- The urinary bladder is the hollow, muscular, elastic pouch that receives, and
nary bladder. Com- stores urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal through the urethra.
pare male and female In males, the base of the bladder lies in front of the rectum and just behind
locations. the pubic symphysis. In females, the bladder sits below the uterus and in
front of the vagina, so the maximum capacity of the bladder is lower in
females than in males.
15. Both ureters open ureteral orifices
into the bladder via
the _____.
16. Describe the three The outer adventitia is fibrous connective tissue, the middle layer is a
layers of the bladder. muscular layer known as the detrusor muscle with inner and outer lon-
gitudinal layers and middle circular layer, the inner mucosal layer is com-
posed of transitional epithelium. Transitional epithelial cells are specialized
to stretch, allowing for the organ to increase its volume as it fills, while
protecting and covering the underlying tissues. As the bladder empties,
they recoil back to their original shape.
17. Describe the bladder The bladder is very elastic, collapsing into it a pyramidal shape when empty.
when it is full and As it is filled by urine, the bladder swells and becomes pear-shaped, rising
when it is empty. in the abdominal cavity.
18. Describe the two The involuntary-controlled internal urethral sphincter is located near the
sphincters of the bladder and keeps the urethra closed to prevent urine from leaving the
bladder. bladder. The voluntary-controlled external urethral sphincter, composed of
skeletal muscle, surrounds the urethra as it passes through the pelvic floor.
19.
, BIOD 152 Module 7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gcoo7k
Discuss the differ- In males and females, the length and functions of the urethra differ. The
ences between the female urethra is shorter and only carries urine while the male urethra is
male and female ure- about 5 times longer and carries both urine and semen from the body
thra.
20. What are the three re- The prostatic urethra which runs within the prostate gland, the membra-
gions of the male ure- nous urethra which runs within the urogenital diaphragm and the spongy
thra? (penile) urethra.
21. What is a nephron? The basic structural and functional unit of a kidney. The function of the
nephron is to control the concentration of water and soluble materials by
filtering the blood, reabsorbing needed materials and excreting the rest as
urine.
22. Each nephron con- Two parts: the glomerular capsule (renal corpuscle) and the renal tubule.
sists of:
23. The renal tubule is Three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the loop of Henle, and
made of: the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
24. Describe the struc- the renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus, a network of tiny
ture of the renal cor- blood capillaries surrounded by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule, a
puscle. double-walled simple squamous epithelial cup.
- The glomerular capillaries are extremely porous.
- The capillary endothelium has fenestrations (pores) which allow certain
substances to leave the capillaries.
25. What causes water The afferent arteriole, which is fed by the interlobular artery, is much larger
and solutes to leave in diameter than the efferent arteriole
the glomerulus? - difference in diameter causes an extremely high blood pressure in the
glomerular capillaries, forcing water and solutes out of the blood, thus
making filtration possible
