HUMAN BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
A red blood cell placed into a hypertonic solution will - ANSWER-shrivel or crenate
The thinnest of the cytoskeletal structures, they are responsible for cellular
locomotion and intracellular movements during cell division. - ANSWER-
microfilaments
Which of the following organelles contain digestive enzymes used in the
decomposition of biomolecules or worn out cellular organelles? - ANSWER-
lysosome
What type of tissue lines the cavities of the body? - ANSWER-epithelial
Which type of tissue is the most abundant in the human body? - ANSWER-
connective
Which of the following muscles are under involuntary control? - ANSWER-smooth
and cardiac
What type of nervous tissue constitutes the supporting cells? - ANSWER-neuroglia
What is the function of the endocrine system? - ANSWER-regulating growth and
development
The forehead is ______ to the chin - ANSWER-superior
The heart is located in the ______ cavity - ANSWER-thoracic
Which type of cell is responsible for laying down new bone? - ANSWER-osteoblast
The "shaft" of the long bone is more correctly called the ______ - ANSWER-
diaphysis
The first step of endochondral ossification is - ANSWER-a hyaline cartilage model
forms
What is the first step in repairing a broken bone? - ANSWER-a hematoma forms
What is the neurotransmitter that acts at the neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER-
acetylcholine
The sliding filament theory is best used to describe the mechanics of - ANSWER-
muscle contraction
, How many electrons are in the valence shell of the atom shown here? - ANSWER-
Five
The high specific heat of water makes it - ANSWER-a good temperature buffer
Which of the following chemical bonds is the weakest? - ANSWER-hydrogen
What makes an acid different from a base? - ANSWER-acids contain more hydrogen
ions than bases
Glucose belongs to which category of carbohydrate? - ANSWER-monosaccharide
What would happen if the active site of an enzyme had a different 3D shape? -
ANSWER-the enzyme would not be functional
The cell theory includes all of the following tenets except: - ANSWER-cells are made
up of similar shapes and sizes
A key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that - ANSWER-
eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not
The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of: - ANSWER-phospholipids, with
proteins and sugars interspersed
Small, lipid-soluble materials enter and exit the cell via: - ANSWER-diffusion
What is the key difference between active and passive transport? - ANSWER-active
transport requires energy in the form of ATP
Which pathway produces the most ATP? - ANSWER-aerobic pathway
What structural unit is defined by the borders called Z-lines? - ANSWER-sarcomere
What is the function of the afferent part of the peripheral nervous system? -
ANSWER-transmit information from different receptors
What is the function of the somatic nervous system? - ANSWER-conscious
movement
What is a typical resting potential for neurons? - ANSWER--70 mV
Depolarization of a membrane begins with the - ANSWER-opening of sodium
channels
The primary visual and visual association areas are located in the ______ lobe of the
cerebrum - ANSWER-occipital
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
A red blood cell placed into a hypertonic solution will - ANSWER-shrivel or crenate
The thinnest of the cytoskeletal structures, they are responsible for cellular
locomotion and intracellular movements during cell division. - ANSWER-
microfilaments
Which of the following organelles contain digestive enzymes used in the
decomposition of biomolecules or worn out cellular organelles? - ANSWER-
lysosome
What type of tissue lines the cavities of the body? - ANSWER-epithelial
Which type of tissue is the most abundant in the human body? - ANSWER-
connective
Which of the following muscles are under involuntary control? - ANSWER-smooth
and cardiac
What type of nervous tissue constitutes the supporting cells? - ANSWER-neuroglia
What is the function of the endocrine system? - ANSWER-regulating growth and
development
The forehead is ______ to the chin - ANSWER-superior
The heart is located in the ______ cavity - ANSWER-thoracic
Which type of cell is responsible for laying down new bone? - ANSWER-osteoblast
The "shaft" of the long bone is more correctly called the ______ - ANSWER-
diaphysis
The first step of endochondral ossification is - ANSWER-a hyaline cartilage model
forms
What is the first step in repairing a broken bone? - ANSWER-a hematoma forms
What is the neurotransmitter that acts at the neuromuscular junction? - ANSWER-
acetylcholine
The sliding filament theory is best used to describe the mechanics of - ANSWER-
muscle contraction
, How many electrons are in the valence shell of the atom shown here? - ANSWER-
Five
The high specific heat of water makes it - ANSWER-a good temperature buffer
Which of the following chemical bonds is the weakest? - ANSWER-hydrogen
What makes an acid different from a base? - ANSWER-acids contain more hydrogen
ions than bases
Glucose belongs to which category of carbohydrate? - ANSWER-monosaccharide
What would happen if the active site of an enzyme had a different 3D shape? -
ANSWER-the enzyme would not be functional
The cell theory includes all of the following tenets except: - ANSWER-cells are made
up of similar shapes and sizes
A key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that - ANSWER-
eukaryotes have a nucleus and prokaryotes do not
The plasma membrane is composed of two layers of: - ANSWER-phospholipids, with
proteins and sugars interspersed
Small, lipid-soluble materials enter and exit the cell via: - ANSWER-diffusion
What is the key difference between active and passive transport? - ANSWER-active
transport requires energy in the form of ATP
Which pathway produces the most ATP? - ANSWER-aerobic pathway
What structural unit is defined by the borders called Z-lines? - ANSWER-sarcomere
What is the function of the afferent part of the peripheral nervous system? -
ANSWER-transmit information from different receptors
What is the function of the somatic nervous system? - ANSWER-conscious
movement
What is a typical resting potential for neurons? - ANSWER--70 mV
Depolarization of a membrane begins with the - ANSWER-opening of sodium
channels
The primary visual and visual association areas are located in the ______ lobe of the
cerebrum - ANSWER-occipital
