Biochem 301-Final Exam questions with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Nucleotides composition - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔base, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
deoxyribose, and a phosphate |\ |\ |\
What forms the "backbone" of nucleotides? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔phosphodietsters form the polynucleotide backbone
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Nucleic acids can be... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔single or double
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stranded
how do nitrogenous bases (purine and pyrimidine) pair? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔via H bonds |\ |\ |\ |\
Nitrogenous bases (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Adenine, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine |\ |\
Number of bonds for A/T and G/C - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A/T =
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2 bonds
|\
G/C = 3 bonds
|\ |\ |\
DNA: single or double stranded in cells? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔double stranded |\
,RNA: single or double stranded in cells? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔single stranded in cells |\ |\ |\
2 strands of DNA form... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an antiparallel,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
right handed double helix
|\ |\ |\
RNA have widely variable... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔secondary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structures
DNA: what is it? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic molecule of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heredity
RNA key differences from DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sugar is ribose (hydroxyl group at C2' position)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- typically single stranded
|\ |\ |\
- multifunctional: protein synthesis, gene expression, enzyme
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DNA function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- primary storage
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
molecule of genetic information |\ |\ |\
- principle component of chromosomes
|\ |\ |\ |\
RNA function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- primary information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transfer molecule, which includes protein synthesis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3 principal types of RNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔messanger
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
RNA
transfer RNA |\
,ribosomal RNA |\
Central dogma - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How do we know that DNA functions as the depository of genetic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
information? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic information can be |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transferred cell to cell by using purified DNA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Gene structure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- coding region (for the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
protein)
- control regions (timing of expression)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(DNA or RNA) that encodes a protein
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ribonucleotides - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A, G, U, C |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what type of bond links nucleic acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔phosphodiester bonds |\
what structure is central to nucleic acid biochemistry? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔heterocyclid bases of nucleosides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How do DNA strands interact with eachother? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔- base pairing: via H bonds |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Base stacking: electrostatic interactions
|\ |\ |\ |\
, double helix of DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔two polynucleotide
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
chains wrap around each other in an anti-parallel direction with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
about 10-base pairs per turn
|\ |\ |\ |\
what is the name of naturally ocurring DNA? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔B-DNA |\
B-DNA conformation allows proteins to.... - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔contact nucleic acid bases |\ |\ |\
what occurs when the H bonds between base pairs are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disrupted? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔occurs when DNA is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
denatured, the covalent bonds remain intact |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
how are double-stranded DNA denatured into two polynucleotide
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
strands? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- temperature
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- solution conditions (pH)
|\ |\ |\
DNA exists as a... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔polynucleotide chain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in which individual nucleotides(A, C, G, and T) are covalently
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
linked by phosphodiester bonds.
|\ |\ |\
"gene" is composed of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the nucleotides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that are decoded into protein as well as the nucleotides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(sequences) that control gene expression |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Nucleotides composition - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔base, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
deoxyribose, and a phosphate |\ |\ |\
What forms the "backbone" of nucleotides? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔phosphodietsters form the polynucleotide backbone
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Nucleic acids can be... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔single or double
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
stranded
how do nitrogenous bases (purine and pyrimidine) pair? -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔via H bonds |\ |\ |\ |\
Nitrogenous bases (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Adenine, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine |\ |\
Number of bonds for A/T and G/C - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A/T =
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2 bonds
|\
G/C = 3 bonds
|\ |\ |\
DNA: single or double stranded in cells? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔double stranded |\
,RNA: single or double stranded in cells? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔single stranded in cells |\ |\ |\
2 strands of DNA form... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an antiparallel,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
right handed double helix
|\ |\ |\
RNA have widely variable... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔secondary
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
structures
DNA: what is it? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic molecule of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
heredity
RNA key differences from DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sugar is ribose (hydroxyl group at C2' position)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- typically single stranded
|\ |\ |\
- multifunctional: protein synthesis, gene expression, enzyme
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
DNA function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- primary storage
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
molecule of genetic information |\ |\ |\
- principle component of chromosomes
|\ |\ |\ |\
RNA function - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- primary information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transfer molecule, which includes protein synthesis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3 principal types of RNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔messanger
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
RNA
transfer RNA |\
,ribosomal RNA |\
Central dogma - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How do we know that DNA functions as the depository of genetic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
information? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic information can be |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transferred cell to cell by using purified DNA
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Gene structure - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- coding region (for the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
protein)
- control regions (timing of expression)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what is a gene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔genetic information
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(DNA or RNA) that encodes a protein
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Ribonucleotides - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A, G, U, C |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
what type of bond links nucleic acids? - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔phosphodiester bonds |\
what structure is central to nucleic acid biochemistry? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔heterocyclid bases of nucleosides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
How do DNA strands interact with eachother? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔- base pairing: via H bonds |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Base stacking: electrostatic interactions
|\ |\ |\ |\
, double helix of DNA - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔two polynucleotide
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
chains wrap around each other in an anti-parallel direction with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
about 10-base pairs per turn
|\ |\ |\ |\
what is the name of naturally ocurring DNA? - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔B-DNA |\
B-DNA conformation allows proteins to.... - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔contact nucleic acid bases |\ |\ |\
what occurs when the H bonds between base pairs are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disrupted? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔occurs when DNA is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
denatured, the covalent bonds remain intact |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
how are double-stranded DNA denatured into two polynucleotide
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
strands? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- temperature
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- solution conditions (pH)
|\ |\ |\
DNA exists as a... - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔polynucleotide chain
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
in which individual nucleotides(A, C, G, and T) are covalently
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
linked by phosphodiester bonds.
|\ |\ |\
"gene" is composed of - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the nucleotides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that are decoded into protein as well as the nucleotides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
(sequences) that control gene expression |\ |\ |\ |\
