Sociaal recht realiseren
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Arbeidsrecht: inleiding................................................................................................................................... 7
Toepassingsgebied...............................................................................................................................................7
Andere vormen van tewerkstelling......................................................................................................................7
Zelfstandige arbeid..........................................................................................................................................7
Ambtenaren.....................................................................................................................................................8
Handhaving van het sociaal recht........................................................................................................................8
Moeilijke handhaving......................................................................................................................................8
Arbeidsgeschillen.............................................................................................................................................8
Arbeidsauditoraten..........................................................................................................................................8
Arbeidsinspectie..............................................................................................................................................8
Bronnen................................................................................................................................................................9
Internationale bronnen...................................................................................................................................9
Nationale bronnen...........................................................................................................................................9
Hiërarchie van de rechtsbronnen..................................................................................................................10
De arbeidsovereenkomst............................................................................................................................. 12
Begrip.................................................................................................................................................................12
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................12
Ondergeschikt verband.................................................................................................................................12
Schijnzelfstandigen en schijnwerknemers.....................................................................................................13
Bewijs en bewijslast...........................................................................................................................................13
Geldigheidsvereisten..........................................................................................................................................14
Vormvereisten....................................................................................................................................................15
Arbeidsovereenkomst en andere overeenkomsten............................................................................................15
Aannemingsovereenkomst............................................................................................................................15
Stageovereenkomst.......................................................................................................................................16
Vrijwilligerswerk............................................................................................................................................16
Aanwerving................................................................................................................................................. 17
Aanwerving........................................................................................................................................................17
Discriminatieverbod...........................................................................................................................................17
Soorten arbeidsovereenkomst..................................................................................................................... 19
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................19
Duur overeenkomst............................................................................................................................................19
Arbeidsovereenkomst onbepaalde tijd.........................................................................................................19
Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling – Arbeidsovereenkomst voor bepaalde tijd................................19
1
, Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling – Arbeidsovereenkomst voor duidelijk omschreven werk..........19
Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling – Vervangingsovereenkomst.......................................................20
Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling –...................................................................................................20
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor uitvoering van tijdelijke arbeid of arbeidsovereenkomst voor uitzendarbeid.20
Aard van het werk of hoedanigheid persoon die werk verricht.........................................................................21
Arbeiders – Bedienden..................................................................................................................................21
Omvang van tewerkstelling...............................................................................................................................21
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor voltijdse arbeid.................................................................................................21
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor deeltijdse arbeid...............................................................................................21
Inhoud arbeidsovereenkomst...................................................................................................................... 23
Proefbeding........................................................................................................................................................23
Concurrentiebeding............................................................................................................................................23
Scholingsbeding..................................................................................................................................................24
Verboden bedingen............................................................................................................................................25
Niet wettelijk geregelde bedingen.....................................................................................................................25
Rol van artikel 6 AOW....................................................................................................................................25
Rechten en verplichtingen............................................................................................................................ 26
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................26
Aansprakelijkheid...............................................................................................................................................27
Schorsing van de uitvoering van de arbeidsovereenkomst............................................................................28
Begrip.................................................................................................................................................................28
Schorsingsgronden door arbeidswetgeving gereglementeerd..........................................................................28
Overmacht.....................................................................................................................................................29
Gewaarborgd loon.........................................................................................................................................29
Klein verlet / kort verzuim.............................................................................................................................30
Ziekte.............................................................................................................................................................30
Zwangerschap en bevalling...........................................................................................................................33
Geboorteverlof..............................................................................................................................................35
Verlof om dringende redenen.......................................................................................................................36
Verlof om dringende redenen – Zorgverlof...................................................................................................36
Einde van de arbeidsovereenkomst.............................................................................................................. 38
Algemene beëindigingswijzen............................................................................................................................38
Beëindiging door onderlinge toestemming...................................................................................................38
Ontbinding.....................................................................................................................................................38
Overmacht.....................................................................................................................................................38
Overlijden van partijen.......................................................................................................................................39
Afloop termijn of voltooiing werk......................................................................................................................39
Opzegging..........................................................................................................................................................40
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................40
Vormvereisten...............................................................................................................................................40
2
, Wijze..............................................................................................................................................................40
Ogenblik.........................................................................................................................................................41
Opzeggingstermijn.............................................................................................................................................41
Aanvang.........................................................................................................................................................41
Duur...............................................................................................................................................................41
Tegenopzegging.............................................................................................................................................45
Sollicitaiteverlof.............................................................................................................................................45
Schorsing opzeggingstermijn.........................................................................................................................45
Opzeggingsvergoeding.......................................................................................................................................46
Ontslag om dringende reden.............................................................................................................................46
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................46
Begrip.............................................................................................................................................................46
Bewijs.............................................................................................................................................................47
Procedure......................................................................................................................................................47
Sanctie............................................................................................................................................................47
Impliciet of stilzwijgend ontslag.........................................................................................................................47
Kennelijk onredelijk ontslag...............................................................................................................................48
Misbruik van ontslagrecht.................................................................................................................................48
Collectief arbeidsrecht................................................................................................................................. 49
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................49
Partijen bij het overleg.......................................................................................................................................49
Vakorganisaties van werknemers..................................................................................................................49
PBO: niveaus van overleg...................................................................................................................................50
Overlegorganen..................................................................................................................................................50
NAR (=Nationale Arbeidsraad).......................................................................................................................50
PC (=Paritair Comité) / Psubcomité...............................................................................................................51
Ondernemingsraad........................................................................................................................................51
CPBW (= Comité voor preventie en bescherming op het werk)...................................................................52
VA (= Vakbondsafvaardiging).........................................................................................................................53
De collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst (CAO).......................................................................................................53
Begrip en belang............................................................................................................................................53
Wie kan CAO sluiten?....................................................................................................................................54
Inhoud............................................................................................................................................................54
Binding van de CAO.......................................................................................................................................55
Sociale zekerheid – Inleiding........................................................................................................................ 57
Sociale bescherming...........................................................................................................................................57
Loonvervangende uitkeringen.......................................................................................................................58
Loonaanvullende vergoedingen....................................................................................................................58
Sociale zekerheid – Sociale bijstand...................................................................................................................58
Ideologische achtergrond...................................................................................................................................59
Algemene kenmerken sociale zekerheid............................................................................................................59
3
, Stelsels van sociale zekerheid.............................................................................................................................61
Sociale zekerheidsstelsel voor WN: toepassingsgebied.....................................................................................61
Territoriaal toepassingsgebied......................................................................................................................61
Personeel toepassingsgebied........................................................................................................................61
Beperkingen en uitsluitingen.........................................................................................................................62
Sociale zekerheidsstelsel voor WN: administratieve structuur..........................................................................62
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................62
RSZ.................................................................................................................................................................64
Sociale zekerheidsstelsel voor WN: financiering................................................................................................64
Bijdragen WN + WG.......................................................................................................................................64
Staatssubsidies...............................................................................................................................................67
Alternatieve financiering...............................................................................................................................67
Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering................................................................................................................ 68
Vooraf.................................................................................................................................................................68
Gemeenschappelijke bepalingen.......................................................................................................................68
Gezondheidszorg................................................................................................................................................68
Wie is verzekerd?...........................................................................................................................................68
Toekenningsvoorwaarden.............................................................................................................................70
Prestaties.......................................................................................................................................................70
Arbeidsongeschiktheidsuitkeringen...................................................................................................................73
Arbeidsongeschiktheid WN...........................................................................................................................73
Begrip.............................................................................................................................................................74
Uitkering........................................................................................................................................................74
Moederschapsverzekering.................................................................................................................................75
Moederschapsverzekering werknemers.......................................................................................................75
Geboorteverlof..............................................................................................................................................76
Adoptieverlof en pleegouderverlof...............................................................................................................76
Instellingen.........................................................................................................................................................76
Werkloosheid.............................................................................................................................................. 77
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................77
Toelaatbaarheidsvoorwaarden..........................................................................................................................77
Uitkeringen.........................................................................................................................................................80
Gezinstoestand..............................................................................................................................................80
Berekeningsbasis: (begrensd) loon................................................................................................................80
Werkloosheidsduur.......................................................................................................................................80
Loon percentages..........................................................................................................................................81
Toepassing.....................................................................................................................................................82
Inschakelingsuitkeringen....................................................................................................................................82
Instellingen.........................................................................................................................................................82
Gezinsbijslagen - Groeipakket...................................................................................................................... 84
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................84
4
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 6
Arbeidsrecht: inleiding................................................................................................................................... 7
Toepassingsgebied...............................................................................................................................................7
Andere vormen van tewerkstelling......................................................................................................................7
Zelfstandige arbeid..........................................................................................................................................7
Ambtenaren.....................................................................................................................................................8
Handhaving van het sociaal recht........................................................................................................................8
Moeilijke handhaving......................................................................................................................................8
Arbeidsgeschillen.............................................................................................................................................8
Arbeidsauditoraten..........................................................................................................................................8
Arbeidsinspectie..............................................................................................................................................8
Bronnen................................................................................................................................................................9
Internationale bronnen...................................................................................................................................9
Nationale bronnen...........................................................................................................................................9
Hiërarchie van de rechtsbronnen..................................................................................................................10
De arbeidsovereenkomst............................................................................................................................. 12
Begrip.................................................................................................................................................................12
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................12
Ondergeschikt verband.................................................................................................................................12
Schijnzelfstandigen en schijnwerknemers.....................................................................................................13
Bewijs en bewijslast...........................................................................................................................................13
Geldigheidsvereisten..........................................................................................................................................14
Vormvereisten....................................................................................................................................................15
Arbeidsovereenkomst en andere overeenkomsten............................................................................................15
Aannemingsovereenkomst............................................................................................................................15
Stageovereenkomst.......................................................................................................................................16
Vrijwilligerswerk............................................................................................................................................16
Aanwerving................................................................................................................................................. 17
Aanwerving........................................................................................................................................................17
Discriminatieverbod...........................................................................................................................................17
Soorten arbeidsovereenkomst..................................................................................................................... 19
Inleiding..............................................................................................................................................................19
Duur overeenkomst............................................................................................................................................19
Arbeidsovereenkomst onbepaalde tijd.........................................................................................................19
Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling – Arbeidsovereenkomst voor bepaalde tijd................................19
1
, Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling – Arbeidsovereenkomst voor duidelijk omschreven werk..........19
Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling – Vervangingsovereenkomst.......................................................20
Arbeidsovereenkomst met tijdsbepaling –...................................................................................................20
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor uitvoering van tijdelijke arbeid of arbeidsovereenkomst voor uitzendarbeid.20
Aard van het werk of hoedanigheid persoon die werk verricht.........................................................................21
Arbeiders – Bedienden..................................................................................................................................21
Omvang van tewerkstelling...............................................................................................................................21
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor voltijdse arbeid.................................................................................................21
Arbeidsovereenkomst voor deeltijdse arbeid...............................................................................................21
Inhoud arbeidsovereenkomst...................................................................................................................... 23
Proefbeding........................................................................................................................................................23
Concurrentiebeding............................................................................................................................................23
Scholingsbeding..................................................................................................................................................24
Verboden bedingen............................................................................................................................................25
Niet wettelijk geregelde bedingen.....................................................................................................................25
Rol van artikel 6 AOW....................................................................................................................................25
Rechten en verplichtingen............................................................................................................................ 26
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................26
Aansprakelijkheid...............................................................................................................................................27
Schorsing van de uitvoering van de arbeidsovereenkomst............................................................................28
Begrip.................................................................................................................................................................28
Schorsingsgronden door arbeidswetgeving gereglementeerd..........................................................................28
Overmacht.....................................................................................................................................................29
Gewaarborgd loon.........................................................................................................................................29
Klein verlet / kort verzuim.............................................................................................................................30
Ziekte.............................................................................................................................................................30
Zwangerschap en bevalling...........................................................................................................................33
Geboorteverlof..............................................................................................................................................35
Verlof om dringende redenen.......................................................................................................................36
Verlof om dringende redenen – Zorgverlof...................................................................................................36
Einde van de arbeidsovereenkomst.............................................................................................................. 38
Algemene beëindigingswijzen............................................................................................................................38
Beëindiging door onderlinge toestemming...................................................................................................38
Ontbinding.....................................................................................................................................................38
Overmacht.....................................................................................................................................................38
Overlijden van partijen.......................................................................................................................................39
Afloop termijn of voltooiing werk......................................................................................................................39
Opzegging..........................................................................................................................................................40
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................40
Vormvereisten...............................................................................................................................................40
2
, Wijze..............................................................................................................................................................40
Ogenblik.........................................................................................................................................................41
Opzeggingstermijn.............................................................................................................................................41
Aanvang.........................................................................................................................................................41
Duur...............................................................................................................................................................41
Tegenopzegging.............................................................................................................................................45
Sollicitaiteverlof.............................................................................................................................................45
Schorsing opzeggingstermijn.........................................................................................................................45
Opzeggingsvergoeding.......................................................................................................................................46
Ontslag om dringende reden.............................................................................................................................46
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................46
Begrip.............................................................................................................................................................46
Bewijs.............................................................................................................................................................47
Procedure......................................................................................................................................................47
Sanctie............................................................................................................................................................47
Impliciet of stilzwijgend ontslag.........................................................................................................................47
Kennelijk onredelijk ontslag...............................................................................................................................48
Misbruik van ontslagrecht.................................................................................................................................48
Collectief arbeidsrecht................................................................................................................................. 49
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................49
Partijen bij het overleg.......................................................................................................................................49
Vakorganisaties van werknemers..................................................................................................................49
PBO: niveaus van overleg...................................................................................................................................50
Overlegorganen..................................................................................................................................................50
NAR (=Nationale Arbeidsraad).......................................................................................................................50
PC (=Paritair Comité) / Psubcomité...............................................................................................................51
Ondernemingsraad........................................................................................................................................51
CPBW (= Comité voor preventie en bescherming op het werk)...................................................................52
VA (= Vakbondsafvaardiging).........................................................................................................................53
De collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst (CAO).......................................................................................................53
Begrip en belang............................................................................................................................................53
Wie kan CAO sluiten?....................................................................................................................................54
Inhoud............................................................................................................................................................54
Binding van de CAO.......................................................................................................................................55
Sociale zekerheid – Inleiding........................................................................................................................ 57
Sociale bescherming...........................................................................................................................................57
Loonvervangende uitkeringen.......................................................................................................................58
Loonaanvullende vergoedingen....................................................................................................................58
Sociale zekerheid – Sociale bijstand...................................................................................................................58
Ideologische achtergrond...................................................................................................................................59
Algemene kenmerken sociale zekerheid............................................................................................................59
3
, Stelsels van sociale zekerheid.............................................................................................................................61
Sociale zekerheidsstelsel voor WN: toepassingsgebied.....................................................................................61
Territoriaal toepassingsgebied......................................................................................................................61
Personeel toepassingsgebied........................................................................................................................61
Beperkingen en uitsluitingen.........................................................................................................................62
Sociale zekerheidsstelsel voor WN: administratieve structuur..........................................................................62
Algemeen.......................................................................................................................................................62
RSZ.................................................................................................................................................................64
Sociale zekerheidsstelsel voor WN: financiering................................................................................................64
Bijdragen WN + WG.......................................................................................................................................64
Staatssubsidies...............................................................................................................................................67
Alternatieve financiering...............................................................................................................................67
Ziekte- en invaliditeitsverzekering................................................................................................................ 68
Vooraf.................................................................................................................................................................68
Gemeenschappelijke bepalingen.......................................................................................................................68
Gezondheidszorg................................................................................................................................................68
Wie is verzekerd?...........................................................................................................................................68
Toekenningsvoorwaarden.............................................................................................................................70
Prestaties.......................................................................................................................................................70
Arbeidsongeschiktheidsuitkeringen...................................................................................................................73
Arbeidsongeschiktheid WN...........................................................................................................................73
Begrip.............................................................................................................................................................74
Uitkering........................................................................................................................................................74
Moederschapsverzekering.................................................................................................................................75
Moederschapsverzekering werknemers.......................................................................................................75
Geboorteverlof..............................................................................................................................................76
Adoptieverlof en pleegouderverlof...............................................................................................................76
Instellingen.........................................................................................................................................................76
Werkloosheid.............................................................................................................................................. 77
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................77
Toelaatbaarheidsvoorwaarden..........................................................................................................................77
Uitkeringen.........................................................................................................................................................80
Gezinstoestand..............................................................................................................................................80
Berekeningsbasis: (begrensd) loon................................................................................................................80
Werkloosheidsduur.......................................................................................................................................80
Loon percentages..........................................................................................................................................81
Toepassing.....................................................................................................................................................82
Inschakelingsuitkeringen....................................................................................................................................82
Instellingen.........................................................................................................................................................82
Gezinsbijslagen - Groeipakket...................................................................................................................... 84
Algemeen...........................................................................................................................................................84
4
