BIOLOGY
NEET NCERT
NOTES
CLASS 12 QUICK REVISION
,Sl. No: Chapters Page No:
1. Reproduction in Organisms 01 - 08
2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 09 - 22
3. Human Reproduction 23 - 32
4. Reproductive Health 33 - 37
5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation 38 - 52
6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance 53 - 68
7. Evolution 69 - 79
8. Human Health and Diseases 80 - 90
9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 91 - 96
10. Microbes in Human Welfare 97 - 102
11. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes 103 - 109
12. Biotechnology and its Applications 110 - 113
13. Organisms and Populations 114 - 122
14. Ecosystem 123 - 131
15. Biodiversity and Conservation 132 - 136
16. Environmental Issues 137 - 144
,Reproduction in Organisms
Life span: Period from birth to natural death of an organism.
• It doesn't depend on size. Eg: Sizes of crow and parrot are similar but life span show wide
difference, also mango tree has much shorter life span than Peepal tree.
• No individual is immortal except single celled.
Organism Life Span
Elephant 60 – 70 Years
Crocodile 60 Years
Horse 50 – 60 Years
Crow 15 Years
Banana Tree 25 – 30 Years
Cow 20 – 25 Years
Tortoise 100 – 150 Years
Fruit fly 2 weeks
Rice Plant 3 – 4 Months
Butterfly 1 – 2 Weeks
Rose 5 – 7 Years
Dog 10 – 12 Years
Parrot 140 Years
Banyan 200 Years
Reproduction: Biological process in which organism gives rise to young ones similar to
itself.
• It enables continuity of species, generation after generation.
• Its of 2 types – asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction: Offsprings are produced by single parent with or without
involvement of gamete formation.
• Offsprings are identical and exact copies of their parent.
• Clone: Morphologically and genetically similar individuals.
• Common among single celled, plants and animals with simple organisation.
1
, Reproduction in Organisms
1. Cell Division: Parent cell divides into 2 and give rise to new individuals.
Eg: Protists and Monerans
2. Binary fission: Cell divides into 2 halves and grow into an adult.
Eg: Amoeba, Paramecium.
3. Budding: Unequal division, bud remains attached to parent cell initially and then gets
separated and mature to new organism.
Eg: Yeast and Hydra.
4. Multiple fission:
• Encystation: Under unfavourable condition. Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and
secretes 3 layered hard covering (cyst) around itself.
• Sporulation: Under unfavourable condition, it divides by multiple fission and produce
minute spores (Pseudopodiospores), cyst wall bursts out and spores are liberated.
5. Special reproductive structures: In algae and members of kingdom fungi.
a) Zoospores: Eg – Chlamydomonas
b) Conidia: Eg – Penicillium
c) Buds: Eg – Hydra
d) Gemmules: Eg – Sponges
2
NEET NCERT
NOTES
CLASS 12 QUICK REVISION
,Sl. No: Chapters Page No:
1. Reproduction in Organisms 01 - 08
2. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 09 - 22
3. Human Reproduction 23 - 32
4. Reproductive Health 33 - 37
5. Principles of Inheritance and Variation 38 - 52
6. Molecular Basis of Inheritance 53 - 68
7. Evolution 69 - 79
8. Human Health and Diseases 80 - 90
9. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production 91 - 96
10. Microbes in Human Welfare 97 - 102
11. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes 103 - 109
12. Biotechnology and its Applications 110 - 113
13. Organisms and Populations 114 - 122
14. Ecosystem 123 - 131
15. Biodiversity and Conservation 132 - 136
16. Environmental Issues 137 - 144
,Reproduction in Organisms
Life span: Period from birth to natural death of an organism.
• It doesn't depend on size. Eg: Sizes of crow and parrot are similar but life span show wide
difference, also mango tree has much shorter life span than Peepal tree.
• No individual is immortal except single celled.
Organism Life Span
Elephant 60 – 70 Years
Crocodile 60 Years
Horse 50 – 60 Years
Crow 15 Years
Banana Tree 25 – 30 Years
Cow 20 – 25 Years
Tortoise 100 – 150 Years
Fruit fly 2 weeks
Rice Plant 3 – 4 Months
Butterfly 1 – 2 Weeks
Rose 5 – 7 Years
Dog 10 – 12 Years
Parrot 140 Years
Banyan 200 Years
Reproduction: Biological process in which organism gives rise to young ones similar to
itself.
• It enables continuity of species, generation after generation.
• Its of 2 types – asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual Reproduction: Offsprings are produced by single parent with or without
involvement of gamete formation.
• Offsprings are identical and exact copies of their parent.
• Clone: Morphologically and genetically similar individuals.
• Common among single celled, plants and animals with simple organisation.
1
, Reproduction in Organisms
1. Cell Division: Parent cell divides into 2 and give rise to new individuals.
Eg: Protists and Monerans
2. Binary fission: Cell divides into 2 halves and grow into an adult.
Eg: Amoeba, Paramecium.
3. Budding: Unequal division, bud remains attached to parent cell initially and then gets
separated and mature to new organism.
Eg: Yeast and Hydra.
4. Multiple fission:
• Encystation: Under unfavourable condition. Amoeba withdraws its pseudopodia and
secretes 3 layered hard covering (cyst) around itself.
• Sporulation: Under unfavourable condition, it divides by multiple fission and produce
minute spores (Pseudopodiospores), cyst wall bursts out and spores are liberated.
5. Special reproductive structures: In algae and members of kingdom fungi.
a) Zoospores: Eg – Chlamydomonas
b) Conidia: Eg – Penicillium
c) Buds: Eg – Hydra
d) Gemmules: Eg – Sponges
2
