Digitale psychologie
Les 1: Introductie....................................................................................................................................9
De onlinewereld.................................................................................................................................9
De onlinewereld is anders................................................................................................................10
In de media.......................................................................................................................................10
Bepaalde doelgroepen hebben meer baat bij de onlinewereld....................................................10
Voorbeeld uit documentaire............................................................................................................11
Debat smartphones op school..........................................................................................................11
Kwetsbare leeftijdsgroep..............................................................................................................11
Cognitieve belasting.....................................................................................................................11
Smartphonegebruik: oorzaak & gevolg.........................................................................................11
Oogontwikkeling...........................................................................................................................11
Hoe gaan we hiermee om?...........................................................................................................11
Ook thuis!.....................................................................................................................................12
Phubbing bij ouders......................................................................................................................12
Geweld in videogames......................................................................................................................12
Spelletjes kunnen gewelddadig zijn..............................................................................................12
Games & gedrag...........................................................................................................................12
Videogames voor prosociale gedrag.............................................................................................13
Interpersoonlijk conflict................................................................................................................13
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................13
Les 2: Gezondheid in een digitale wereld.............................................................................................15
Digitale technologie op de werkvloer...............................................................................................15
Inhoud en leerdoelen...................................................................................................................15
Technologie op de werkvloer.......................................................................................................15
Uitdagingen technologiegebruik...................................................................................................15
Technostress.................................................................................................................................16
Richtlijnen voor België..................................................................................................................16
Information ergonomics...............................................................................................................16
Sociale media....................................................................................................................................16
Sociale media................................................................................................................................16
Platformen....................................................................................................................................16
Algoritmes van sociale media.......................................................................................................17
Voorbeeld TikTok..........................................................................................................................17
TikTok & eetstoornissen...............................................................................................................17
Verschil tussen like en aanbod.....................................................................................................18
TikTok conclusie............................................................................................................................18
Maar… overzichtsstudies..............................................................................................................18
Sociaal: verplaatsing vs compensatie............................................................................................18
1
,Digitale psychologie
Longitudinaal onderzoek..............................................................................................................19
Waarom zijn we zo gevoelig voor sociale media?.........................................................................19
Behoeftepiramide van Maslow.....................................................................................................19
Leerprocessen: operante conditonering.......................................................................................19
Individuele verschillen..................................................................................................................19
Bijvoorbeeld: effecten zijn uitvergroot bij jongeren.....................................................................20
Sociale media als interventionele ruimte.....................................................................................20
TikTok ‘psycho-educatie’..............................................................................................................21
Mediawijsheid vergroten..............................................................................................................21
Cyberpesten.....................................................................................................................................21
Definitie........................................................................................................................................21
Impact...........................................................................................................................................21
Cyberpesten - Antipestbeleid.......................................................................................................22
Omstanders..................................................................................................................................22
Afhankelijkheid.................................................................................................................................22
Digimeter 2024.............................................................................................................................22
Afhankelijkheid.............................................................................................................................23
Tekenen van verslaving................................................................................................................23
Beperkingen van onderzoek.........................................................................................................24
Kan technologie een verslaving zijn?............................................................................................24
Vb. (Internet) gaming disorder.....................................................................................................24
Gaming Disorder – ICD – 11..........................................................................................................24
Impact van overmatig gebruik is er wel........................................................................................24
Conclusie: terminologie................................................................................................................24
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................25
Les 3: Positionering van digitale hulpverlening....................................................................................26
Situering...........................................................................................................................................27
Hulpverlening...................................................................................................................................27
Buiten het model..............................................................................................................................27
Aanleiding.........................................................................................................................................28
Instroom...........................................................................................................................................28
Hulpvraag of probleemstelling.....................................................................................................28
Informele zorg en zelfhulp/zorg...................................................................................................28
Informele zorg..............................................................................................................................29
Zelfhulp.........................................................................................................................................29
Zelfhulp: effectiviteit en gebruik...................................................................................................29
Zelfhulp: begeleiding....................................................................................................................29
Diagnostisch proces......................................................................................................................30
2
,Digitale psychologie
Diagnostiek: modaliteit.................................................................................................................30
Diagnostiek: opportuniteiten........................................................................................................30
Vak-inschatting.............................................................................................................................31
1. Kennis.......................................................................................................................................31
2. Vaardigheden............................................................................................................................31
3.Attitudes....................................................................................................................................32
Assessment van kennis, vaardigheden en attitudes.....................................................................32
Van instroom naar aanbod...............................................................................................................33
Aanbod.........................................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: online.............................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: blended..........................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: face-to-face....................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: verwijzing.......................................................................................................................33
Aanbod in de praktijk brengen.....................................................................................................34
Algemeen......................................................................................................................................34
Voorbeelden.................................................................................................................................34
Aanvullende vaardigheden...........................................................................................................34
Selectie modaliteit(en)..................................................................................................................34
Verstrekking van Evidence-based interventies.............................................................................35
Effectief vs. Ingezet.......................................................................................................................35
Opvolging......................................................................................................................................35
PROMS..........................................................................................................................................35
PREMS..........................................................................................................................................36
Afsluiten hulpverlening.................................................................................................................36
Centraliseren van digitale kennis: digitale navigator....................................................................36
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................37
Les 4: online consultaties en chathulp..................................................................................................39
Online consultaties tijdens de COVID-19 pandemie.........................................................................39
Voor de uitbraak...........................................................................................................................39
Tijdens de pandemie....................................................................................................................39
Online consultaties tijdens corona...............................................................................................39
APA-Richtlijnen online consultaties..................................................................................................39
Hulpverlener.................................................................................................................................40
Ethisch, wettelijk en administratief..............................................................................................40
Klinisch..........................................................................................................................................41
Opleiding......................................................................................................................................42
Therapeutische relatie..................................................................................................................42
Voordelen en uitdagingen............................................................................................................42
3
, Digitale psychologie
Evenwicht online/offline...............................................................................................................42
Chathulp...........................................................................................................................................42
Crisis chathulp..............................................................................................................................43
Voordelen chathulp......................................................................................................................43
Beperkingen chathulp...................................................................................................................43
Praktijkgetuigenis Centrum Preventie Zelfdoding............................................................................44
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................45
Les 5: Wearables & gamification..........................................................................................................46
Definitie en situering........................................................................................................................46
Wat is een wearable?...................................................................................................................46
De geschiedenis van wearables....................................................................................................46
Gebruikers....................................................................................................................................46
Effectief gebruik............................................................................................................................46
Wearables om data te verzamelen...................................................................................................46
Onderzoek en assessment............................................................................................................46
Hartritme..........................................................................................................................................47
Wearables voor stress..................................................................................................................47
Commerciële wearables...............................................................................................................48
Actueel onderzoek aan Thomas more..........................................................................................48
Voorgaand onderzoek..................................................................................................................48
Voordelen wearable dataverzamelen...........................................................................................48
Uitdagingen..................................................................................................................................49
Interventies met wearables – gedrag veranderen............................................................................49
Interventie....................................................................................................................................49
Prototypisch voorbeeld: fysieke activiteit.....................................................................................49
Rookstop.......................................................................................................................................49
Zelfhulp voor ademhalingsoefeningen.........................................................................................50
Biofeedback..................................................................................................................................50
Gamification.....................................................................................................................................50
Is gamen gezond?.........................................................................................................................50
Interventiedesing..............................................................................................................................51
Les 6: Extended Reality (XR).................................................................................................................53
Achtergrond......................................................................................................................................53
XR.................................................................................................................................................53
Virtual reality (VR)........................................................................................................................53
Immersie.......................................................................................................................................53
Hardware......................................................................................................................................53
Voor- en nadelen..............................................................................................................................53
4
Les 1: Introductie....................................................................................................................................9
De onlinewereld.................................................................................................................................9
De onlinewereld is anders................................................................................................................10
In de media.......................................................................................................................................10
Bepaalde doelgroepen hebben meer baat bij de onlinewereld....................................................10
Voorbeeld uit documentaire............................................................................................................11
Debat smartphones op school..........................................................................................................11
Kwetsbare leeftijdsgroep..............................................................................................................11
Cognitieve belasting.....................................................................................................................11
Smartphonegebruik: oorzaak & gevolg.........................................................................................11
Oogontwikkeling...........................................................................................................................11
Hoe gaan we hiermee om?...........................................................................................................11
Ook thuis!.....................................................................................................................................12
Phubbing bij ouders......................................................................................................................12
Geweld in videogames......................................................................................................................12
Spelletjes kunnen gewelddadig zijn..............................................................................................12
Games & gedrag...........................................................................................................................12
Videogames voor prosociale gedrag.............................................................................................13
Interpersoonlijk conflict................................................................................................................13
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................13
Les 2: Gezondheid in een digitale wereld.............................................................................................15
Digitale technologie op de werkvloer...............................................................................................15
Inhoud en leerdoelen...................................................................................................................15
Technologie op de werkvloer.......................................................................................................15
Uitdagingen technologiegebruik...................................................................................................15
Technostress.................................................................................................................................16
Richtlijnen voor België..................................................................................................................16
Information ergonomics...............................................................................................................16
Sociale media....................................................................................................................................16
Sociale media................................................................................................................................16
Platformen....................................................................................................................................16
Algoritmes van sociale media.......................................................................................................17
Voorbeeld TikTok..........................................................................................................................17
TikTok & eetstoornissen...............................................................................................................17
Verschil tussen like en aanbod.....................................................................................................18
TikTok conclusie............................................................................................................................18
Maar… overzichtsstudies..............................................................................................................18
Sociaal: verplaatsing vs compensatie............................................................................................18
1
,Digitale psychologie
Longitudinaal onderzoek..............................................................................................................19
Waarom zijn we zo gevoelig voor sociale media?.........................................................................19
Behoeftepiramide van Maslow.....................................................................................................19
Leerprocessen: operante conditonering.......................................................................................19
Individuele verschillen..................................................................................................................19
Bijvoorbeeld: effecten zijn uitvergroot bij jongeren.....................................................................20
Sociale media als interventionele ruimte.....................................................................................20
TikTok ‘psycho-educatie’..............................................................................................................21
Mediawijsheid vergroten..............................................................................................................21
Cyberpesten.....................................................................................................................................21
Definitie........................................................................................................................................21
Impact...........................................................................................................................................21
Cyberpesten - Antipestbeleid.......................................................................................................22
Omstanders..................................................................................................................................22
Afhankelijkheid.................................................................................................................................22
Digimeter 2024.............................................................................................................................22
Afhankelijkheid.............................................................................................................................23
Tekenen van verslaving................................................................................................................23
Beperkingen van onderzoek.........................................................................................................24
Kan technologie een verslaving zijn?............................................................................................24
Vb. (Internet) gaming disorder.....................................................................................................24
Gaming Disorder – ICD – 11..........................................................................................................24
Impact van overmatig gebruik is er wel........................................................................................24
Conclusie: terminologie................................................................................................................24
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................25
Les 3: Positionering van digitale hulpverlening....................................................................................26
Situering...........................................................................................................................................27
Hulpverlening...................................................................................................................................27
Buiten het model..............................................................................................................................27
Aanleiding.........................................................................................................................................28
Instroom...........................................................................................................................................28
Hulpvraag of probleemstelling.....................................................................................................28
Informele zorg en zelfhulp/zorg...................................................................................................28
Informele zorg..............................................................................................................................29
Zelfhulp.........................................................................................................................................29
Zelfhulp: effectiviteit en gebruik...................................................................................................29
Zelfhulp: begeleiding....................................................................................................................29
Diagnostisch proces......................................................................................................................30
2
,Digitale psychologie
Diagnostiek: modaliteit.................................................................................................................30
Diagnostiek: opportuniteiten........................................................................................................30
Vak-inschatting.............................................................................................................................31
1. Kennis.......................................................................................................................................31
2. Vaardigheden............................................................................................................................31
3.Attitudes....................................................................................................................................32
Assessment van kennis, vaardigheden en attitudes.....................................................................32
Van instroom naar aanbod...............................................................................................................33
Aanbod.........................................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: online.............................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: blended..........................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: face-to-face....................................................................................................................33
Aanbod: verwijzing.......................................................................................................................33
Aanbod in de praktijk brengen.....................................................................................................34
Algemeen......................................................................................................................................34
Voorbeelden.................................................................................................................................34
Aanvullende vaardigheden...........................................................................................................34
Selectie modaliteit(en)..................................................................................................................34
Verstrekking van Evidence-based interventies.............................................................................35
Effectief vs. Ingezet.......................................................................................................................35
Opvolging......................................................................................................................................35
PROMS..........................................................................................................................................35
PREMS..........................................................................................................................................36
Afsluiten hulpverlening.................................................................................................................36
Centraliseren van digitale kennis: digitale navigator....................................................................36
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................37
Les 4: online consultaties en chathulp..................................................................................................39
Online consultaties tijdens de COVID-19 pandemie.........................................................................39
Voor de uitbraak...........................................................................................................................39
Tijdens de pandemie....................................................................................................................39
Online consultaties tijdens corona...............................................................................................39
APA-Richtlijnen online consultaties..................................................................................................39
Hulpverlener.................................................................................................................................40
Ethisch, wettelijk en administratief..............................................................................................40
Klinisch..........................................................................................................................................41
Opleiding......................................................................................................................................42
Therapeutische relatie..................................................................................................................42
Voordelen en uitdagingen............................................................................................................42
3
, Digitale psychologie
Evenwicht online/offline...............................................................................................................42
Chathulp...........................................................................................................................................42
Crisis chathulp..............................................................................................................................43
Voordelen chathulp......................................................................................................................43
Beperkingen chathulp...................................................................................................................43
Praktijkgetuigenis Centrum Preventie Zelfdoding............................................................................44
Terugblik...........................................................................................................................................45
Les 5: Wearables & gamification..........................................................................................................46
Definitie en situering........................................................................................................................46
Wat is een wearable?...................................................................................................................46
De geschiedenis van wearables....................................................................................................46
Gebruikers....................................................................................................................................46
Effectief gebruik............................................................................................................................46
Wearables om data te verzamelen...................................................................................................46
Onderzoek en assessment............................................................................................................46
Hartritme..........................................................................................................................................47
Wearables voor stress..................................................................................................................47
Commerciële wearables...............................................................................................................48
Actueel onderzoek aan Thomas more..........................................................................................48
Voorgaand onderzoek..................................................................................................................48
Voordelen wearable dataverzamelen...........................................................................................48
Uitdagingen..................................................................................................................................49
Interventies met wearables – gedrag veranderen............................................................................49
Interventie....................................................................................................................................49
Prototypisch voorbeeld: fysieke activiteit.....................................................................................49
Rookstop.......................................................................................................................................49
Zelfhulp voor ademhalingsoefeningen.........................................................................................50
Biofeedback..................................................................................................................................50
Gamification.....................................................................................................................................50
Is gamen gezond?.........................................................................................................................50
Interventiedesing..............................................................................................................................51
Les 6: Extended Reality (XR).................................................................................................................53
Achtergrond......................................................................................................................................53
XR.................................................................................................................................................53
Virtual reality (VR)........................................................................................................................53
Immersie.......................................................................................................................................53
Hardware......................................................................................................................................53
Voor- en nadelen..............................................................................................................................53
4
