RRT STUDY GUIDE ANATOMY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The correct sequence of events for generating a cough? - ANSWER-1. The diaphragm
contracts, causing a deep inspiration
2. A slight inspiratory pause occurs
3. The muscles in the larynx close
4. The abdominal expiratory muscles contract forcefully
5. The glottis suddenly opens, explosively releasing compressed gas.
What is the primary muscle of respiration that is active during quiet breathing? -
ANSWER-Diaphragm and external intercostals.
What muscles considered accessory muscles of respiration? - ANSWER-
Sternomastoids, pectoralis major, abdominals
What are the only accessory muscles of expiration? - ANSWER-Abdominal muscles
What mechanisms by far are the most significant cause of thoracic cavity enlargement
during inspiration? - ANSWER-Downward movement of the diaphragm.
If the lungs fail to empty normally during exhalation, because of either weakened elastic
recoil forces or high resistance to airflow, the retained volume causes what change in
the chest radiograph? - ANSWER-Flattening of the diaphragm.
Strong inspiratory efforts may create enough subatmospheric pressure in the thoracic
cavity to suck the intercostal muscles inward. This physical finding is called? -
ANSWER-Intercostal retraction.
What causes air to move in or out of the lungs? - ANSWER-Pressure gradients
At the end of a spontaneous 500 mL inspiration, the PA is 0 mm Hg, and at the end of a
positive pressure lung inflation to 500 mL, PA is 10 mm Hg. Why does the lung contain
the same volume at these two different alveolar pressures? - ANSWER-The pressure
gradient is the same
What term(s) defines the amount of gas the lung contains after a maximal inspiratory
effort? - ANSWER-TLC (total lung capacity)
What is the minimum MIP required to confirm adequacy of ventilatory muscle strength?
- ANSWER-More than -20cm H2O
What is the normal lung compliance (CL)? - ANSWER-.2 L/cm H20
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The correct sequence of events for generating a cough? - ANSWER-1. The diaphragm
contracts, causing a deep inspiration
2. A slight inspiratory pause occurs
3. The muscles in the larynx close
4. The abdominal expiratory muscles contract forcefully
5. The glottis suddenly opens, explosively releasing compressed gas.
What is the primary muscle of respiration that is active during quiet breathing? -
ANSWER-Diaphragm and external intercostals.
What muscles considered accessory muscles of respiration? - ANSWER-
Sternomastoids, pectoralis major, abdominals
What are the only accessory muscles of expiration? - ANSWER-Abdominal muscles
What mechanisms by far are the most significant cause of thoracic cavity enlargement
during inspiration? - ANSWER-Downward movement of the diaphragm.
If the lungs fail to empty normally during exhalation, because of either weakened elastic
recoil forces or high resistance to airflow, the retained volume causes what change in
the chest radiograph? - ANSWER-Flattening of the diaphragm.
Strong inspiratory efforts may create enough subatmospheric pressure in the thoracic
cavity to suck the intercostal muscles inward. This physical finding is called? -
ANSWER-Intercostal retraction.
What causes air to move in or out of the lungs? - ANSWER-Pressure gradients
At the end of a spontaneous 500 mL inspiration, the PA is 0 mm Hg, and at the end of a
positive pressure lung inflation to 500 mL, PA is 10 mm Hg. Why does the lung contain
the same volume at these two different alveolar pressures? - ANSWER-The pressure
gradient is the same
What term(s) defines the amount of gas the lung contains after a maximal inspiratory
effort? - ANSWER-TLC (total lung capacity)
What is the minimum MIP required to confirm adequacy of ventilatory muscle strength?
- ANSWER-More than -20cm H2O
What is the normal lung compliance (CL)? - ANSWER-.2 L/cm H20
