NURS 534 Adv Physiology Exam 2 Review -
Neuroanatomy/Nervous System Lecture questions with
verified answers
"Bag of water" Ans✓✓✓ this cushions the brain from impact; water =
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) & bag = meninges
4 lobes of the cerebrum Ans✓✓✓ --Occipital (vision)
--Temporal (audition/hearing)
--Parietal (attending to stimuli)
--Frontal (planning)
Action potential Ans✓✓✓ The movement of ions across a membrane,
the flow of electrons or ions creates a current; initiated by
neurotransmitters released from presynaptic neurons which activate
receptors on postsynaptic neurons causing a drop in the membrane
potential enough to open voltage-gated channels.
Afferent Ans✓✓✓ going towards (the brain)
Associational Systems Ans✓✓✓ Systems that lie between the sensory
system and motor system and integrate and process information
Astrocytes Ans✓✓✓ --Maintain an appropriate chemical environment
for neurons
, --Stem cell capability
--form part of BBB
Axons Ans✓✓✓ The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from
the cell body; often myelinated
--Can be short, as in Interneurons (local circuit neurons)
--Can be long, as in projection neurons
--Allows passing of the action potential - self-regenerating wave of
electrical activity
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Ans✓✓✓ **protects the brain via endothelial
cells lining blood vessels that have tight junctions & astrocytes**
--Endothelial cells that line blood vessels have tight junctions that
prevent most things from passing through (prevents large, hydrophilic,
or charged molecules from passing)
The molecules that do pass through will then have to pass through
astrocytes
Brainstem functions Ans✓✓✓ --location of cranial nerve nuclei and
cranial nerves; receive and send out info from and to face and viscera
(internal organs)
--lots of messaging coming off of CNS (sensory and motor info) has to
travel through the brainstem
Neuroanatomy/Nervous System Lecture questions with
verified answers
"Bag of water" Ans✓✓✓ this cushions the brain from impact; water =
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) & bag = meninges
4 lobes of the cerebrum Ans✓✓✓ --Occipital (vision)
--Temporal (audition/hearing)
--Parietal (attending to stimuli)
--Frontal (planning)
Action potential Ans✓✓✓ The movement of ions across a membrane,
the flow of electrons or ions creates a current; initiated by
neurotransmitters released from presynaptic neurons which activate
receptors on postsynaptic neurons causing a drop in the membrane
potential enough to open voltage-gated channels.
Afferent Ans✓✓✓ going towards (the brain)
Associational Systems Ans✓✓✓ Systems that lie between the sensory
system and motor system and integrate and process information
Astrocytes Ans✓✓✓ --Maintain an appropriate chemical environment
for neurons
, --Stem cell capability
--form part of BBB
Axons Ans✓✓✓ The part of a neuron that carries impulses away from
the cell body; often myelinated
--Can be short, as in Interneurons (local circuit neurons)
--Can be long, as in projection neurons
--Allows passing of the action potential - self-regenerating wave of
electrical activity
Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Ans✓✓✓ **protects the brain via endothelial
cells lining blood vessels that have tight junctions & astrocytes**
--Endothelial cells that line blood vessels have tight junctions that
prevent most things from passing through (prevents large, hydrophilic,
or charged molecules from passing)
The molecules that do pass through will then have to pass through
astrocytes
Brainstem functions Ans✓✓✓ --location of cranial nerve nuclei and
cranial nerves; receive and send out info from and to face and viscera
(internal organs)
--lots of messaging coming off of CNS (sensory and motor info) has to
travel through the brainstem
