TEST9 6 BANK9 6 FOR
Immunology96and96Serology96in96Laboratory96Medicine,967th96Edition96by96Mary96Louise96Turgeon
Chapter961-27
Chapter9601:96Highlights96of96the96Innate96and96Adaptive96Immune96Systems
MULTIPLE96CHOICE
1. The96―father‖96of96immunology96is96generally96considered96to96be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS:9 6 B
Louis96Pasteur96is96generally96considered96to96be96the96―father96of96immunology.‖
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
2. An96early96form96of96immunization96was96practiced96by96the
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native96Americans.
ANS:9 6 C
Beginning96about96100096AD,96the96Chinese96practiced96a96form96of96immunization96by96inhali
ng96dried96powders96derived96from96the96crusts96of96smallpox96lesions.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
3. A96specific96function96of96the96immune96system96is96to
a. recognize96self96from96nonself.
b. defend96the96body96against96nonself.
c. amplify96specific96functions.
d. Both96A96and96B.
ANS:9 6 D
The96function96of96the96immune96system96is96to96recognize96self96from96nonself96and96defend96
the96body96against96nonself.96Such96a96system96is96necessary96for96survival.96The96immune96sy
stem96also96has96nonspecific96effector96mechanisms96that96usually96amplify96the96specific96fun
ctions.96Nonspecific96components96of96the96immune96system96include96mononuclear96phagocy
tes,96polymorphonuclear96leukocytes,96and96soluble96factors96(e.g.,96complement).
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
4. An96undesirable96consequence96of96immunity96is
a. natural96resistance.
b. acquired96resistance96to96infectious96diseases.
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an96autoimmune96disorder.
d. recovery96from96infectious96disease.
ANS:9 6 C
The96desirable96consequences96of96immunity96include96natural96resistance,96recovery,96and96ac
quired96resistance96to96infectious96diseases.96A96deficiency96or96dysfunction96of96the96immune9
6system96can96cause96many96disorders.96Undesirable96consequences96of96immunity96include96a
llergy,96rejection96of96a96transplanted96organ,96or96an96autoimmune96disorder.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
5. The96immune96system96has96various96distinctive96characteristics96except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation96among96different96cells.
ANS:9 6 D
The96immune96system96is96composed96of96a96large,96complex96set96of96widely96distributed96ele
ments,96with96the96distinctive96characteristics96of96specificity,96memory,96mobility,96replicabil
ity,96and96cooperation96among96different96cells96or96cellular96products.96Specificity96and96me
mory96are96characteristics96of96lymphocytes96in96the96immune96system.96Nonspecific96element
s96of96the96immune96system96demonstrate96mobility.96In96addition,96specific96and96nonspecific9
6cellular96components96of96the96immune96system96can96replicate.96Cooperation96is96required96f
or96optimal96functioning,96and96interaction96involves96specific96cellular96elements,96cell96prod
ucts,96and96nonlymphoid96elements.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
6. Hematopoiesis96occurs96in96the96yolk96sac96during96the
a. immediate96hours96after96conception
b. second96month96of96gestation.
c. second96trimester96of96gestation.
d. periods96of96severe96anemia96in96children.
ANS:9 6 A
The96sites96of96blood96cell96development,96or96hematopoiesis,96follow96a96definite96sequence96
in96the96embryo96and96fetus.96Hematopoiesis96occurs96in96the96yolk96sac96during96the96second96
month96of96gestation.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
7. The96sequence96of96blood96cell96development96in96the96embryo96and96fetus96is
a. yolk96sac,96liver-spleen,96bone96marrow.
b. yolk96sac,96bone96marrow,96liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen,96yolk96sac,96bone96marrow.
d. bone96marrow,96liver-spleen,96yolk96sac.
ANS:9 6 A
PlusBay.Plus
, The96first96blood96cells96are96primitive96red96blood96cells96(erythroblasts;96RBCs)96formed96in
96the96islets96of96the96yolk96sac96during96the96first96296to96896weeks96of96life.96Gradually,96the9
6liver96and96spleen96replace96the96yolk96sac96as96the96sites96of96blood96cell96development.96B
y96the96second96month96of96gestation,96the96liver96becomes96the96major96site96of96hematopoie
sis,96and96granular96types96of96leukocytes96have96made96their96initial96appearance.96The96live
r96and96spleen96predominate96from96about96296to96596months96of96fetal96life.96In96the96fourth96
month96of96gestation,96bone96marrow96begins96to96produce96blood96cells.96After96the96fifth96fe
tal96month,96bone96marrow96begins96to96assume96its96ultimate96role96as96the96primary96site96o
f96hematopoiesis.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
8. The96primary96function96of96mature96neutrophils96is
a. to96reduce96inflammation.
b. to96lyse96parasites96in96the96circulatory96system.
c. antigen96recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:9 6 D
Various96phagocytic96cells96continually96circulate96throughout96the96blood,96lymph,96gastroint
estinal96system,96and96respiratory96tract.96When96trauma96occurs,96the96neutrophils96arrive96at9
6the96site96of96injury96and96can96be96found96in96the96initial96exudate96in96less96than96196hour.96
Monocytes96are96slower96in96moving96to96the96inflammatory96site.96Macrophages96resident96in
96the96tissues96of96the96body96are96already96in96place96to96deal96with96an96intruding96agent.96Ad
ditional96macrophages96from96the96bone96marrow96and96other96tissues96can96be96released96in96s
evere96infections.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
9. Primary96granules,96or96azurophilic96granules,96in96neutrophils96contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both96A96and96B.
ANS:9 6 D
Granules96in96the96phagocyte96cytosol96contain96degradatory96enzymes96of96three96types
1. Primary,96or96azurophilic,96granules96containing96enzymes96(e.g.,96lys
ozyme,96myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,96or96specific,96granules96containing96substances96such96as96lactoferrin.
3. Tertiary96granules96containing96substances96such96as96caspases
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
10. The96origin96of96a96condition96when96eosinophils96are96increased96in96the96circulating96blood9
6is96associated96with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic96amoeba
c. allergic96reactions
d. bacteria
ANS:9 6 C
PlusBay.Plus
, An96increase96in96eosinophils96is96associated96with96a96wide96variety96of96conditions,96but96es
pecially96with96allergic96reactions,96drug96reactions,96certain96skin96disorders,96parasitic96infe
stations,96collagen96vascular96diseases,96Hodgkin96disease,96and96myeloproliferative96disease
s.
A96functional96property96related96to96the96membrane96receptors96of96the96eosinophil96is96the96
cell’s96ability96to96interact96with96the96larval96stages96of96some96helminth96parasites96and96da
mage96them96by96oxidative96mechanisms.96Certain96proteins96released96from96eosinophilic96
granules96damage96antibody-
coated96Schistosoma96parasites96and96may96account96for96damage96to96endothelial96cells96in9
6hypereosinophilic96syndromes.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
11. A96basophil96degranulates96in96a(n)
a. inflammatory96reaction.
b. immediate96(acute)96hypersensitivity96reaction.
c. chronic96tissue96rejection.
d. Both96A96and96B.
ANS:9 6 B
Basophils96have96high96concentrations96of96heparin96and96histamine96in96their96granules.96If96
events96are96triggered96by96antigens96from96pollen,96food,96drugs,96or96insect96venom,96the96r
esult96is96an96immediate96hypersensitivity96reaction.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
12. Mononuclear96cells96are96effective96phagocytic96cells96against
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium96tuberculosis.
d. pneumonia.
ANS:9 6 C
Mononuclear96cells96are96particularly96effective96as96phagocytic96cells96because96of96the96larg
e96amounts96of96lipase96in96their96cytoplasm.96Lipase96is96able96to96attack96bacteria96with96a9
6lipid96capsule,96such96as96Mycobacterium96tuberculosis.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
13. Macrophages
a. process96antigens.
b. physically96present96biologically96modified96antigens96to96lymphocytes.
c. secrete96a96lymphocyte-activating96factor96(IL-
1)96as96a96result96of96proper96MHC96recognition.
d. All96of96the96above.
ANS:9 6 D
The96phagocytic96property96of96the96macrophage96is96particularly96important96in96the96processi
ng96of96antigens96as96part96of96the96immune96response.96Macrophages96are96believed96to96proce
ss96antigens96and96physically96present96this96biochemically96modified96and96more96reactive96f
orm96of96antigen96to96lymphocytes96(particularly96T96helper96cells)96as96an96initial96step96in96t
he96immune96response.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
PlusBay.Plus
Immunology96and96Serology96in96Laboratory96Medicine,967th96Edition96by96Mary96Louise96Turgeon
Chapter961-27
Chapter9601:96Highlights96of96the96Innate96and96Adaptive96Immune96Systems
MULTIPLE96CHOICE
1. The96―father‖96of96immunology96is96generally96considered96to96be
a. Koch.
b. Pasteur.
c. Gram.
d. Salk.
ANS:9 6 B
Louis96Pasteur96is96generally96considered96to96be96the96―father96of96immunology.‖
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
2. An96early96form96of96immunization96was96practiced96by96the
a. Romans.
b. Greeks.
c. Chinese.
d. Native96Americans.
ANS:9 6 C
Beginning96about96100096AD,96the96Chinese96practiced96a96form96of96immunization96by96inhali
ng96dried96powders96derived96from96the96crusts96of96smallpox96lesions.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
3. A96specific96function96of96the96immune96system96is96to
a. recognize96self96from96nonself.
b. defend96the96body96against96nonself.
c. amplify96specific96functions.
d. Both96A96and96B.
ANS:9 6 D
The96function96of96the96immune96system96is96to96recognize96self96from96nonself96and96defend96
the96body96against96nonself.96Such96a96system96is96necessary96for96survival.96The96immune96sy
stem96also96has96nonspecific96effector96mechanisms96that96usually96amplify96the96specific96fun
ctions.96Nonspecific96components96of96the96immune96system96include96mononuclear96phagocy
tes,96polymorphonuclear96leukocytes,96and96soluble96factors96(e.g.,96complement).
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
4. An96undesirable96consequence96of96immunity96is
a. natural96resistance.
b. acquired96resistance96to96infectious96diseases.
PlusBay.Plus
, c. an96autoimmune96disorder.
d. recovery96from96infectious96disease.
ANS:9 6 C
The96desirable96consequences96of96immunity96include96natural96resistance,96recovery,96and96ac
quired96resistance96to96infectious96diseases.96A96deficiency96or96dysfunction96of96the96immune9
6system96can96cause96many96disorders.96Undesirable96consequences96of96immunity96include96a
llergy,96rejection96of96a96transplanted96organ,96or96an96autoimmune96disorder.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
5. The96immune96system96has96various96distinctive96characteristics96except;
a. specificity.
b. memory.
c. mobility.
d. noncooperation96among96different96cells.
ANS:9 6 D
The96immune96system96is96composed96of96a96large,96complex96set96of96widely96distributed96ele
ments,96with96the96distinctive96characteristics96of96specificity,96memory,96mobility,96replicabil
ity,96and96cooperation96among96different96cells96or96cellular96products.96Specificity96and96me
mory96are96characteristics96of96lymphocytes96in96the96immune96system.96Nonspecific96element
s96of96the96immune96system96demonstrate96mobility.96In96addition,96specific96and96nonspecific9
6cellular96components96of96the96immune96system96can96replicate.96Cooperation96is96required96f
or96optimal96functioning,96and96interaction96involves96specific96cellular96elements,96cell96prod
ucts,96and96nonlymphoid96elements.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
6. Hematopoiesis96occurs96in96the96yolk96sac96during96the
a. immediate96hours96after96conception
b. second96month96of96gestation.
c. second96trimester96of96gestation.
d. periods96of96severe96anemia96in96children.
ANS:9 6 A
The96sites96of96blood96cell96development,96or96hematopoiesis,96follow96a96definite96sequence96
in96the96embryo96and96fetus.96Hematopoiesis96occurs96in96the96yolk96sac96during96the96second96
month96of96gestation.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
7. The96sequence96of96blood96cell96development96in96the96embryo96and96fetus96is
a. yolk96sac,96liver-spleen,96bone96marrow.
b. yolk96sac,96bone96marrow,96liver/spleen.
c. liver-spleen,96yolk96sac,96bone96marrow.
d. bone96marrow,96liver-spleen,96yolk96sac.
ANS:9 6 A
PlusBay.Plus
, The96first96blood96cells96are96primitive96red96blood96cells96(erythroblasts;96RBCs)96formed96in
96the96islets96of96the96yolk96sac96during96the96first96296to96896weeks96of96life.96Gradually,96the9
6liver96and96spleen96replace96the96yolk96sac96as96the96sites96of96blood96cell96development.96B
y96the96second96month96of96gestation,96the96liver96becomes96the96major96site96of96hematopoie
sis,96and96granular96types96of96leukocytes96have96made96their96initial96appearance.96The96live
r96and96spleen96predominate96from96about96296to96596months96of96fetal96life.96In96the96fourth96
month96of96gestation,96bone96marrow96begins96to96produce96blood96cells.96After96the96fifth96fe
tal96month,96bone96marrow96begins96to96assume96its96ultimate96role96as96the96primary96site96o
f96hematopoiesis.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
8. The96primary96function96of96mature96neutrophils96is
a. to96reduce96inflammation.
b. to96lyse96parasites96in96the96circulatory96system.
c. antigen96recognition.
d. phagocytosis.
ANS:9 6 D
Various96phagocytic96cells96continually96circulate96throughout96the96blood,96lymph,96gastroint
estinal96system,96and96respiratory96tract.96When96trauma96occurs,96the96neutrophils96arrive96at9
6the96site96of96injury96and96can96be96found96in96the96initial96exudate96in96less96than96196hour.96
Monocytes96are96slower96in96moving96to96the96inflammatory96site.96Macrophages96resident96in
96the96tissues96of96the96body96are96already96in96place96to96deal96with96an96intruding96agent.96Ad
ditional96macrophages96from96the96bone96marrow96and96other96tissues96can96be96released96in96s
evere96infections.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
9. Primary96granules,96or96azurophilic96granules,96in96neutrophils96contain
a. lysozyme.
b. myeloperoxidase.
c. lactoferrin.
d. Both96A96and96B.
ANS:9 6 D
Granules96in96the96phagocyte96cytosol96contain96degradatory96enzymes96of96three96types
1. Primary,96or96azurophilic,96granules96containing96enzymes96(e.g.,96lys
ozyme,96myeloperoxidase)
2. Secondary,96or96specific,96granules96containing96substances96such96as96lactoferrin.
3. Tertiary96granules96containing96substances96such96as96caspases
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
10. The96origin96of96a96condition96when96eosinophils96are96increased96in96the96circulating96blood9
6is96associated96with:
a. fungus
b. parasitic96amoeba
c. allergic96reactions
d. bacteria
ANS:9 6 C
PlusBay.Plus
, An96increase96in96eosinophils96is96associated96with96a96wide96variety96of96conditions,96but96es
pecially96with96allergic96reactions,96drug96reactions,96certain96skin96disorders,96parasitic96infe
stations,96collagen96vascular96diseases,96Hodgkin96disease,96and96myeloproliferative96disease
s.
A96functional96property96related96to96the96membrane96receptors96of96the96eosinophil96is96the96
cell’s96ability96to96interact96with96the96larval96stages96of96some96helminth96parasites96and96da
mage96them96by96oxidative96mechanisms.96Certain96proteins96released96from96eosinophilic96
granules96damage96antibody-
coated96Schistosoma96parasites96and96may96account96for96damage96to96endothelial96cells96in9
6hypereosinophilic96syndromes.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
11. A96basophil96degranulates96in96a(n)
a. inflammatory96reaction.
b. immediate96(acute)96hypersensitivity96reaction.
c. chronic96tissue96rejection.
d. Both96A96and96B.
ANS:9 6 B
Basophils96have96high96concentrations96of96heparin96and96histamine96in96their96granules.96If96
events96are96triggered96by96antigens96from96pollen,96food,96drugs,96or96insect96venom,96the96r
esult96is96an96immediate96hypersensitivity96reaction.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
12. Mononuclear96cells96are96effective96phagocytic96cells96against
a. staphylococci.
b. streptococci.
c. Mycobacterium96tuberculosis.
d. pneumonia.
ANS:9 6 C
Mononuclear96cells96are96particularly96effective96as96phagocytic96cells96because96of96the96larg
e96amounts96of96lipase96in96their96cytoplasm.96Lipase96is96able96to96attack96bacteria96with96a9
6lipid96capsule,96such96as96Mycobacterium96tuberculosis.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96I
13. Macrophages
a. process96antigens.
b. physically96present96biologically96modified96antigens96to96lymphocytes.
c. secrete96a96lymphocyte-activating96factor96(IL-
1)96as96a96result96of96proper96MHC96recognition.
d. All96of96the96above.
ANS:9 6 D
The96phagocytic96property96of96the96macrophage96is96particularly96important96in96the96processi
ng96of96antigens96as96part96of96the96immune96response.96Macrophages96are96believed96to96proce
ss96antigens96and96physically96present96this96biochemically96modified96and96more96reactive96f
orm96of96antigen96to96lymphocytes96(particularly96T96helper96cells)96as96an96initial96step96in96t
he96immune96response.
DIF: Cognitive96Level:96II
PlusBay.Plus
