PRINCIPLES OF CIRCULATION &
PERFUSION: VITALS VNSG 1423 WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Temperature parameter - ANSWER-96.8-100.4F
-Add 1F when taken axillary
-Subtract 1F when taken rectally
Pulse - ANSWER-60-100 bpm, strong and regular (descriptors)
Respirations - ANSWER-12-20 rpm, even, deep, and regular (descriptors)
•Blood pressure
Blood pressure - ANSWER--<120 SBP and <80 DBP
-Elevated: 120-139 or 80-89
-HTN Stage I: 140-159 or 90-99
-HTN Stage II: > 160 or >100
Two types of temperature: - ANSWER-Core
Surface
Where can temperature be measured? - ANSWER-Oral
Axillary
Rectal
Tympanic
Forehead
How is temperature measured? - ANSWER-Fahrenheit
Celsius
Conversion of temperature - ANSWER-C= (Fahrenheit temp.-32) x 5/9
F= (Celsius temp. x 9/5) + 32
Factors affecting temperature - ANSWER-•Age
•Diurnal variations
•Exercise
•Hormone
•Stress
•Environment
•Medications
•WBC (White Blood Count) 5,000mm3-10,000mm3
, Clinical manifestations of fever - ANSWER-•Onset (cold or chill phase)
•Increased heart rate
•Shivering
•Pallid, cold skin
•"gooseflesh" appearance of the skin
•Cessation of sweating
Course (plateau)
•Absence of chills
•Skin that feels warm
•Increased thirst
•Drowsiness, restlessness, delirium
•Malaise, weakness
Defervescence (fever abatement/flush phase)
•Skin that appears flushed and feels warm
•Sweating
•Decreased shivering
Pulse - ANSWER-x-apple-ql-id://45DE4D46-E7D2-4792-A047-C97563B4B777/x-apple-
ql-magic/DB374090-DAA7-48B4-9899-16DF2957F46F.png
Factors affecting - ANSWER--Body position
-Medications
-Disease processes
-Stress/anxiety
•Altered breathing patterns.
•Pertinent laboratory values
-ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)---PaO2 and PCO2
Hypertension ( HTN) - ANSWER-•systolic blood pressure >140, diastolic blood pressure
>90 or taking anti-hypertensive medication.
•Requires an average of two or more readings taken at each of two or more visits after
an initial screening.
•Major factor underlying death from heart attack and stroke in the US.
•Complications include:
•Stroke
•Heart attack
•Retinopathy
•Nephropathy
•Determinants of blood pressure
Hypotension - ANSWER-•Defined as:
•SBP falls to 90mmHg or below.
•Is the person symptomatic?
•Possible causes?
PERFUSION: VITALS VNSG 1423 WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS
Temperature parameter - ANSWER-96.8-100.4F
-Add 1F when taken axillary
-Subtract 1F when taken rectally
Pulse - ANSWER-60-100 bpm, strong and regular (descriptors)
Respirations - ANSWER-12-20 rpm, even, deep, and regular (descriptors)
•Blood pressure
Blood pressure - ANSWER--<120 SBP and <80 DBP
-Elevated: 120-139 or 80-89
-HTN Stage I: 140-159 or 90-99
-HTN Stage II: > 160 or >100
Two types of temperature: - ANSWER-Core
Surface
Where can temperature be measured? - ANSWER-Oral
Axillary
Rectal
Tympanic
Forehead
How is temperature measured? - ANSWER-Fahrenheit
Celsius
Conversion of temperature - ANSWER-C= (Fahrenheit temp.-32) x 5/9
F= (Celsius temp. x 9/5) + 32
Factors affecting temperature - ANSWER-•Age
•Diurnal variations
•Exercise
•Hormone
•Stress
•Environment
•Medications
•WBC (White Blood Count) 5,000mm3-10,000mm3
, Clinical manifestations of fever - ANSWER-•Onset (cold or chill phase)
•Increased heart rate
•Shivering
•Pallid, cold skin
•"gooseflesh" appearance of the skin
•Cessation of sweating
Course (plateau)
•Absence of chills
•Skin that feels warm
•Increased thirst
•Drowsiness, restlessness, delirium
•Malaise, weakness
Defervescence (fever abatement/flush phase)
•Skin that appears flushed and feels warm
•Sweating
•Decreased shivering
Pulse - ANSWER-x-apple-ql-id://45DE4D46-E7D2-4792-A047-C97563B4B777/x-apple-
ql-magic/DB374090-DAA7-48B4-9899-16DF2957F46F.png
Factors affecting - ANSWER--Body position
-Medications
-Disease processes
-Stress/anxiety
•Altered breathing patterns.
•Pertinent laboratory values
-ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)---PaO2 and PCO2
Hypertension ( HTN) - ANSWER-•systolic blood pressure >140, diastolic blood pressure
>90 or taking anti-hypertensive medication.
•Requires an average of two or more readings taken at each of two or more visits after
an initial screening.
•Major factor underlying death from heart attack and stroke in the US.
•Complications include:
•Stroke
•Heart attack
•Retinopathy
•Nephropathy
•Determinants of blood pressure
Hypotension - ANSWER-•Defined as:
•SBP falls to 90mmHg or below.
•Is the person symptomatic?
•Possible causes?
