Philosophy Exam 1 ALREADY GRADED A+ LATEST 2023
aesthics - ANSthe study of beauty, art, and taste
Agora - ANSopen market place in Athens, a place where crowds would gather for political speech and
discussion
Argument - ANSa form of thinking in which certain statements (reason) are offered in support of one another
(conclusion)
casual reasoning - ANSa form of inductive argument in which one event is claimed to be the result of of the
occurence of another event
category mistake - ANSlogical error
Conclusion - ANSa statement that explains, asserts, or predicts the basis of statements (known as reasons
or premises) that are offered as evidence for it
Cue Words - ANSkey words that signal that a reason is being offered in support of a conclusion so that the
conclusion follows the reason offered
David Hume - ANSScottish philosopher whose skeptical examinations of religion, ethics, and history were to
make him a controversial 18th century figure
deductive argument - ANSan argument form in which one reasons from premises taht are known or
assumed to be true to a conclusion that follows necessarily from these premises
Dialetic - ANSfrom the greek work to "argue" or "converse" a dynamic exchange or method invovling
contradiction or a technique for establishing an informed conclusion
Dualistic - ANStwofold. related to dualism, the view that material substance (physical body) and immaterial
substance (mind or soul) are two seperate aspects of the self
Edmond Husserl - ANSGerman philosopher who founded the field of phenomenology .
eliminative materialism - ANSthe radical claim that our ordinary, commonsense understanding of the mind is
deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental staes posited by common sense do not actually exist
empirical generalization - ANSa form of inductive reasoning in which a general statement is made about an
entire group based on observing members of the group
empiricism - ANSthe view that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge and taht only a
careful attention to sense experience can enable us to understand the world and achieve accurate
conclusions
epistemology - ANSthe study of knowledge, identifying and developing criteria and methodologies for what
we know and why we know it
ethics - ANSthe study of moral values and principles
fallacies - ANSunsound arguments that are often persuasive because they usually appeal to our emotions
and prejudices and because they often support conclusions that we want to believe are accurate
functionalism - ANScontends that the mind can be explained in terms of patterns of sensory inputs and
behavior outputs mediated by functionally defined mental states
Gilbert Ryle - ANSAnalytic philosopher. An important figure in the field known as Linguistic Analysis which
focused on the solving of philosophical puzzles through an analysis of language. He mounted an attack
against Cartesian mind/body dualism and supported a behavorist theory of mind
Immanuel Kant - ANSGerman philosopher considered by many to be the greatest thinker of the 18th
century. Kant attempted to synthesize the two competing schools of the modern period, rationalism and
aesthics - ANSthe study of beauty, art, and taste
Agora - ANSopen market place in Athens, a place where crowds would gather for political speech and
discussion
Argument - ANSa form of thinking in which certain statements (reason) are offered in support of one another
(conclusion)
casual reasoning - ANSa form of inductive argument in which one event is claimed to be the result of of the
occurence of another event
category mistake - ANSlogical error
Conclusion - ANSa statement that explains, asserts, or predicts the basis of statements (known as reasons
or premises) that are offered as evidence for it
Cue Words - ANSkey words that signal that a reason is being offered in support of a conclusion so that the
conclusion follows the reason offered
David Hume - ANSScottish philosopher whose skeptical examinations of religion, ethics, and history were to
make him a controversial 18th century figure
deductive argument - ANSan argument form in which one reasons from premises taht are known or
assumed to be true to a conclusion that follows necessarily from these premises
Dialetic - ANSfrom the greek work to "argue" or "converse" a dynamic exchange or method invovling
contradiction or a technique for establishing an informed conclusion
Dualistic - ANStwofold. related to dualism, the view that material substance (physical body) and immaterial
substance (mind or soul) are two seperate aspects of the self
Edmond Husserl - ANSGerman philosopher who founded the field of phenomenology .
eliminative materialism - ANSthe radical claim that our ordinary, commonsense understanding of the mind is
deeply wrong and that some or all of the mental staes posited by common sense do not actually exist
empirical generalization - ANSa form of inductive reasoning in which a general statement is made about an
entire group based on observing members of the group
empiricism - ANSthe view that sense experience is the primary source of all knowledge and taht only a
careful attention to sense experience can enable us to understand the world and achieve accurate
conclusions
epistemology - ANSthe study of knowledge, identifying and developing criteria and methodologies for what
we know and why we know it
ethics - ANSthe study of moral values and principles
fallacies - ANSunsound arguments that are often persuasive because they usually appeal to our emotions
and prejudices and because they often support conclusions that we want to believe are accurate
functionalism - ANScontends that the mind can be explained in terms of patterns of sensory inputs and
behavior outputs mediated by functionally defined mental states
Gilbert Ryle - ANSAnalytic philosopher. An important figure in the field known as Linguistic Analysis which
focused on the solving of philosophical puzzles through an analysis of language. He mounted an attack
against Cartesian mind/body dualism and supported a behavorist theory of mind
Immanuel Kant - ANSGerman philosopher considered by many to be the greatest thinker of the 18th
century. Kant attempted to synthesize the two competing schools of the modern period, rationalism and
