NURS 5220 Pharmacology NA CV | 2025 -2026 LATEST UPDATE | COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS
What is the antiarrhythmic effect of Verapamil? Reduces rate of SA node discharge,
decreases AV node conduction, increases refractory period of AV node
What are the contraindications for Verapamil? Wolff-Parkinson-White, Sick Sinus Syndrome,
AV Node Dysfunction
What are the drug interactions of Verapamil? If given with β-1 blocker, complete heart block
or profound myocardial depression may occur
What are sodium channel blockers? Antiarrhythmics that exhibit Na+ channel blocking
activity
What do sodium channel blockers do to Phase 0 depolarization and action potential duration?
Delay Phase 0 depolarization and/or alter action potential duration
What are membrane stabilizing agents? Antiarrhythmics that reduce cellular excitability
How are sodium channel blockers categorized? Categorized as Ia, Ib, or Ic depending on
effects on Na+ channel conduction and action potentials
,What is the use of Ia sodium channel blockers? Used to treat Wolff-Parkinson-White
Syndrome
What are the manifestations of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome? Supraventricular
arrhythmias associated with palpitations, preexcitation, and syncope
What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome? Abnormal accessory electrical circuit
present at birth (bundle of Kent)
What is surgical ablation? A procedure that is highly successful in eliminating certain
conditions.
What is lidocaine? A commonly used anesthesia that has various uses.
What are the uses of lidocaine? ACLS use, local anesthetic, and decreasing pain on injection
associated with propofol.
What are beta blockers? Class II antiarrhythmics that have a range of effects depending on
selectivity for receptors.
What are the effects of beta blockers? Depress SA & AV node function, increase AV node
refractory period, decrease conduction & automaticity, and prolong atrial refractory periods.
,What is the blocking action of sympathetic nervous system on the heart? Heart rate &
myocardial contractility are reduced, generally reducing SVR & preserving CO.
What are the uses of potassium channel blockers? Arrhythmias (Afib, recurrent VT or VF
resistant to other medications), heart failure, and ACLS review.
What is amiodarone? A potassium channel blocker that prolongs the action potential and
refractory period of SA & AV node.
What are the adverse effects of amiodarone? Hepatic dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy,
photosensitivity, thyroid dysfunction, and pulmonary disease.
What are the symptoms of pulmonary disease caused by amiodarone? Nonproductive
cough, hypoxemia, progressive dyspnea, weight loss, pleuritic chest pain, pleural effusion, and
occasional fever.
Is fibrosis caused by amiodarone reversible? No, it is not reversible.
When does the onset of pulmonary disease caused by amiodarone usually occur? After 2
months and is dose-related (>400 mg/day).
What is the toxicity related to amiodarone? Direct toxicity, immunologic mechanism, or
activation of renin-angiotensin system.
, What are calcium channel blockers? Class IV antiarrhythmics.
N/A N/A
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What is Ca2+ channel antagonism? Inhibition of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels
Where are L-type voltage-gated calcium channels located? Vascular smooth muscle, cardiac
myocytes, and cardiac nodal tissue
QUESTIONS WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS
What is the antiarrhythmic effect of Verapamil? Reduces rate of SA node discharge,
decreases AV node conduction, increases refractory period of AV node
What are the contraindications for Verapamil? Wolff-Parkinson-White, Sick Sinus Syndrome,
AV Node Dysfunction
What are the drug interactions of Verapamil? If given with β-1 blocker, complete heart block
or profound myocardial depression may occur
What are sodium channel blockers? Antiarrhythmics that exhibit Na+ channel blocking
activity
What do sodium channel blockers do to Phase 0 depolarization and action potential duration?
Delay Phase 0 depolarization and/or alter action potential duration
What are membrane stabilizing agents? Antiarrhythmics that reduce cellular excitability
How are sodium channel blockers categorized? Categorized as Ia, Ib, or Ic depending on
effects on Na+ channel conduction and action potentials
,What is the use of Ia sodium channel blockers? Used to treat Wolff-Parkinson-White
Syndrome
What are the manifestations of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome? Supraventricular
arrhythmias associated with palpitations, preexcitation, and syncope
What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome? Abnormal accessory electrical circuit
present at birth (bundle of Kent)
What is surgical ablation? A procedure that is highly successful in eliminating certain
conditions.
What is lidocaine? A commonly used anesthesia that has various uses.
What are the uses of lidocaine? ACLS use, local anesthetic, and decreasing pain on injection
associated with propofol.
What are beta blockers? Class II antiarrhythmics that have a range of effects depending on
selectivity for receptors.
What are the effects of beta blockers? Depress SA & AV node function, increase AV node
refractory period, decrease conduction & automaticity, and prolong atrial refractory periods.
,What is the blocking action of sympathetic nervous system on the heart? Heart rate &
myocardial contractility are reduced, generally reducing SVR & preserving CO.
What are the uses of potassium channel blockers? Arrhythmias (Afib, recurrent VT or VF
resistant to other medications), heart failure, and ACLS review.
What is amiodarone? A potassium channel blocker that prolongs the action potential and
refractory period of SA & AV node.
What are the adverse effects of amiodarone? Hepatic dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy,
photosensitivity, thyroid dysfunction, and pulmonary disease.
What are the symptoms of pulmonary disease caused by amiodarone? Nonproductive
cough, hypoxemia, progressive dyspnea, weight loss, pleuritic chest pain, pleural effusion, and
occasional fever.
Is fibrosis caused by amiodarone reversible? No, it is not reversible.
When does the onset of pulmonary disease caused by amiodarone usually occur? After 2
months and is dose-related (>400 mg/day).
What is the toxicity related to amiodarone? Direct toxicity, immunologic mechanism, or
activation of renin-angiotensin system.
, What are calcium channel blockers? Class IV antiarrhythmics.
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
What is Ca2+ channel antagonism? Inhibition of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels
Where are L-type voltage-gated calcium channels located? Vascular smooth muscle, cardiac
myocytes, and cardiac nodal tissue
