AQA_2024: A-level Psychology - Paper 1 Introductory Topics in Psychology. (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme)

AQA_2024: A-level Psychology - Paper 1 Introductory Topics in Psychology. (Merged Question Paper and Marking Scheme) Please write clearly in block capitals. Centre number Surname Forename(s) Candidate signat ure Candidate number I declare this is my own work. A-level PSYCHOLOGY Paper 1 Introductory topics in psychology Friday 17 May 2024 Materials For this paper you may use:  a calculator. Instructions  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Morning Time allowed: 2 hours For Examiner’s Use Section Mark A B C  Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.  If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.  The maximum mark for this paper is 96.  Questions should be answered in continuous prose. You will be assessed on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. D TOTAL For A-level Psychology Paper 1 on Introductory Topics in Psychology, focus on these key areas: 1. Social Influence: o Conformity: Study Asch’s research on conformity, and types of conformity (compliance, identification, internalization). o Obedience: Review Milgram’s study and factors affecting obedience (authority, proximity). o Group Behaviour: Understand Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment, social roles, the bystander effect, and factors influencing helping behaviour. 2. Memory: o Models of Memory: Focus on the multi-store model (Atkinson & Shiffrin) and the working memory model (Baddeley & Hitch). o Types of Memory: Study encoding, storage, and retrieval processes, along with research on the capacity and duration of different memory stores. o Eyewitness Testimony: Understand factors affecting memory accuracy (e.g., leading questions, stress). o Forgetting: Review interference theory and retrieval failure as explanations for forgetting. 3. Attachment: o Stages of Attachment: Study Bowlby’s theory and Ainsworth’s Strange Situation, focusing on attachment types (secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant). o Cultural Variations: Review studies like Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenberg on cross-cultural attachment differences. o Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis: Understand the impact of early attachment on emotional and intellectual development. 4. Approaches in Psychology: o Behaviourism: Study classical conditioning (Pavlov) and operant conditioning (Skinner). o Cognitive: Review the information-processing model and memory research. o Biological: Understand the role of genetics and brain structures in behaviour. o Psychodynamic: Study Freud’s theory of the unconscious and defence mechanisms. o Humanistic: Focus on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Rogers’ self-actualization. 5. Research Methods: o Types of Research: Understand experiments, case studies, observational studies, and surveys. o Sampling: Study methods like random and stratified sampling. o Data Analysis: Focus on measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and standard deviation. o Ethics: Be familiar with ethical guidelines like informed consent and confidentiality. IB/G/Jun24/G4004/E11 7182/1 2 Do not write outside the IB/G/Jun24/7182/1 Section A Social influence Answer all questions in this section. box 0 1 Outline one ethical issue that has arisen in social influence research. Refer to one or more social influence studies in your answer. [4 marks] Extra space 3 Do not write outside the box IB/G/Jun24/7182/1 0 2 Charlie has just started at a new school. He has become friendly with a group of boys in his year group. Charlie thinks they are ‘cool’. One day, one of the more popular boys in the group suggests they all wear their school jumpers inside-out for a week, ‘just to see what will happen’. Charlie worries about this all night but still goes to school the following day wearing his jumper inside-out. Use your knowledge of conformity to explain Charlie’s behaviour. [6 marks] Extra space Turn over ► 4 Do not write outside the box IB/G/Jun24/7182/1 0 3 Later that day, the headteacher calls each of the boys in the group to his office one-by-one, including Charlie. He explains that the school jumper should not be worn inside-out, and that a detention will be given to any boy who disobeys. From then on, each boy wears their jumper correctly. Use your knowledge of obedience to explain the boys’ behaviour. [6 marks] Extra space 5 Do not write outside the box IB/G/Jun24/7182/1 [8 marks] Turn over ► 0 4 Discuss consistency and flexibility as processes involved in minority influe