APSC 4464 EXAMINATION QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS
Define non-infectious vaccines - inactivated, killed, death, bacteria, avenomous; do not
infect the host to produce new antigen, must contain adequate amounts of antigen to
immunize, are more likely to produce local and systemic adverse reactions, are more stable
compared to infectious vaccines, their microbial agents do not need to infect cells to immunize,
sold as an aqueous product, safest vaccine type: immunizing agent is dead which means it
cannot revert to virulence/cause the disease), stimulate primarily systemic humoral immunity
(IgM and IgG)
What is the route of administration of non-infectious vaccines - injection SQ or IM: NOT
to be administered directly onto mucosal surfaces (IN)
What is the duration if immunity for non-infectious vaccines - Develops 7 days after 2nd
dose, onset of immunity 3 weeks after the 1st dose, generally have a shorter duration of
immunity compared to infectious vaccines, annual re-vaccination or booster
Define infectious vaccines - must infect host's cells to immunize
What are characteristics of infectious vaccines - Most effective vaccine, can provide same
types of immunity that are produced by natural exposure, the vaccine organisms are attenuated
and will not cause disease, antigen virus/bacteria is live, these must be administered within 1
hour after reconstitution, these contain a avirulent live virus/bacteria that are capable of
infecting cells in the same manner as the virulent virus/bacteria does during natural infection,
one dose of this vaccine will prime, immunize, and boost the immune system
What is the route of administration of infectious vaccines - - intranasal
- injection IM or SQ
What is the duration of immunity for infectious vaccines - 5yrs to life
What are maternally derived antibodies - "antigen masking", derived antibody (MDA)
Can block a non-infectious vx in a dog less than 12 wks of age.
What are non-responders - small percentage of animals that are generally incapable of
developing an immune response
Define vaccine adverse events - an undesirable effect or unintended effect (including lack
of desired result, failure to protect against disease) associated with the administration of a
,licensed biological product. Any injury toxicity, or sensitivity reaction associated with the use of
a vaccine.
Give examples of injection site reaction (an adverse event). - abscess, granuloma, seroma
(lumps), pain, swelling, hair loss, ischemic vasculitis
Give examples of transient postvaccinal nonspecific illness (an adverse event). - lethargy,
anorexia, fever , regional lymphadenomegaly, soreness, abortion, encephalitis, polyneuritis,
arthritis, seizures, behavioral changes, hair loss/color change at injection sire, respiratory
disease
Type 1 (acute anaphylaxis) - This type of alleric reaction= angioedema (swelling),
anaphylaxis (shock), and death
How many types of allergic reactions are there to vaccines? - 3
Type 2 (cytolytic) - This type of allergic reaction=immune mediated hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia
Type 3 (immune complex) - This type of vaccine reaction = cutaneous ischemic
vasculopathy (inflammation), corneal edema (blue eye), immune-mediated disease
What are examples of vaccine adverse effects? - injection site reactions, transient
postvaccinal nonspecific illness, allergic/immune mediated reactions, tumorigenesis (in cats),
inflammatory disorder (weimaraners), vaccine induced immunosuppression, vaccine induced
interference with diagnostic tests
What are factors that can lead to failure to immunize? - maternal antibody interference,
volume and/or dose being less than prescribed, non-responder, inactivation of vaccine antigen,
mixing incompatible vaccine in same syringe
What is feline injection-site sarcoma - Was first recognized as
an issues in cats in the early 1990s, Current risk below 1/10,000 dose of vaccine (very low),
development of sarcomas at vaccination sites inactivated (killed) rabies or FeLV vaccines, and
aluminum-based adjuvants
What are non-infectious vaccines for dogs - - rabies virus
- canine influenza virus
- canine coronavirus
- certain lyme
,- bordetella bronchispetica
- western diamondback rattlesnake avenomous
What are infectious vaccines for dogs - - canine distmeper virus
- canine parvovirus type 2
- canine adenovirus type 2
- canine coronavirus
- canine parainfluenza virus
What are non-infectious vaccines for cats - - feline herpesvirus1
- feline calicivirus
- feline panleukopenia
- feline rabies virus
- feline leukemia virus
- feline immunodeficiency virus
- chlamydophila
What are infectious vaccines for cats - - feline herpesvirus1
- feline calicivirus
- feline panleukopenia virus
- feline rabies virus
- chalmydophila
- Bb
What are core dog vaccines - - canine parvovirus (CPV)
- canine distemper virus (CDV)
- canine hepatitis (CAV-1, CAV-2)
-Canine Parainfluenza (CPiV)
-Canine Influenza
-Leptospria
, - canine rabies virus
What are non-core dog vaccines - - canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV)
- canine influenza virus (CIV)
- borderella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)
- canine borrelia burgdorferi (lyme)
- leptospira ssp (leptospirosis)
- canine distmeper-measles combination
-Other vaccines risk-exposure related
What are core cat vaccines - - feline rabies virus
- feline herpesvirus1 (FHV1)
- feline calicivirus (FCV)
- feline panleukopenia virus (FCV)
-Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
What are non-core cat vaccines - - feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
- feline immuodeficiency virus (FIV)
-Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- feline virulent calicvirus (FCV)
- chlamydophila felis
- bordetella bronchispetica
Describe canine parvovirus - - highly contagious
- shed in feces of infected animals within 4-5 days of exposure
- affects the GI tract
-Virus can survive in heat, cold, hymidity and dry environemts
What are symptoms of canine parvovirus - - severe bloody diarrhea
- lethargy
- loss of appetite
ANSWERS
Define non-infectious vaccines - inactivated, killed, death, bacteria, avenomous; do not
infect the host to produce new antigen, must contain adequate amounts of antigen to
immunize, are more likely to produce local and systemic adverse reactions, are more stable
compared to infectious vaccines, their microbial agents do not need to infect cells to immunize,
sold as an aqueous product, safest vaccine type: immunizing agent is dead which means it
cannot revert to virulence/cause the disease), stimulate primarily systemic humoral immunity
(IgM and IgG)
What is the route of administration of non-infectious vaccines - injection SQ or IM: NOT
to be administered directly onto mucosal surfaces (IN)
What is the duration if immunity for non-infectious vaccines - Develops 7 days after 2nd
dose, onset of immunity 3 weeks after the 1st dose, generally have a shorter duration of
immunity compared to infectious vaccines, annual re-vaccination or booster
Define infectious vaccines - must infect host's cells to immunize
What are characteristics of infectious vaccines - Most effective vaccine, can provide same
types of immunity that are produced by natural exposure, the vaccine organisms are attenuated
and will not cause disease, antigen virus/bacteria is live, these must be administered within 1
hour after reconstitution, these contain a avirulent live virus/bacteria that are capable of
infecting cells in the same manner as the virulent virus/bacteria does during natural infection,
one dose of this vaccine will prime, immunize, and boost the immune system
What is the route of administration of infectious vaccines - - intranasal
- injection IM or SQ
What is the duration of immunity for infectious vaccines - 5yrs to life
What are maternally derived antibodies - "antigen masking", derived antibody (MDA)
Can block a non-infectious vx in a dog less than 12 wks of age.
What are non-responders - small percentage of animals that are generally incapable of
developing an immune response
Define vaccine adverse events - an undesirable effect or unintended effect (including lack
of desired result, failure to protect against disease) associated with the administration of a
,licensed biological product. Any injury toxicity, or sensitivity reaction associated with the use of
a vaccine.
Give examples of injection site reaction (an adverse event). - abscess, granuloma, seroma
(lumps), pain, swelling, hair loss, ischemic vasculitis
Give examples of transient postvaccinal nonspecific illness (an adverse event). - lethargy,
anorexia, fever , regional lymphadenomegaly, soreness, abortion, encephalitis, polyneuritis,
arthritis, seizures, behavioral changes, hair loss/color change at injection sire, respiratory
disease
Type 1 (acute anaphylaxis) - This type of alleric reaction= angioedema (swelling),
anaphylaxis (shock), and death
How many types of allergic reactions are there to vaccines? - 3
Type 2 (cytolytic) - This type of allergic reaction=immune mediated hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia
Type 3 (immune complex) - This type of vaccine reaction = cutaneous ischemic
vasculopathy (inflammation), corneal edema (blue eye), immune-mediated disease
What are examples of vaccine adverse effects? - injection site reactions, transient
postvaccinal nonspecific illness, allergic/immune mediated reactions, tumorigenesis (in cats),
inflammatory disorder (weimaraners), vaccine induced immunosuppression, vaccine induced
interference with diagnostic tests
What are factors that can lead to failure to immunize? - maternal antibody interference,
volume and/or dose being less than prescribed, non-responder, inactivation of vaccine antigen,
mixing incompatible vaccine in same syringe
What is feline injection-site sarcoma - Was first recognized as
an issues in cats in the early 1990s, Current risk below 1/10,000 dose of vaccine (very low),
development of sarcomas at vaccination sites inactivated (killed) rabies or FeLV vaccines, and
aluminum-based adjuvants
What are non-infectious vaccines for dogs - - rabies virus
- canine influenza virus
- canine coronavirus
- certain lyme
,- bordetella bronchispetica
- western diamondback rattlesnake avenomous
What are infectious vaccines for dogs - - canine distmeper virus
- canine parvovirus type 2
- canine adenovirus type 2
- canine coronavirus
- canine parainfluenza virus
What are non-infectious vaccines for cats - - feline herpesvirus1
- feline calicivirus
- feline panleukopenia
- feline rabies virus
- feline leukemia virus
- feline immunodeficiency virus
- chlamydophila
What are infectious vaccines for cats - - feline herpesvirus1
- feline calicivirus
- feline panleukopenia virus
- feline rabies virus
- chalmydophila
- Bb
What are core dog vaccines - - canine parvovirus (CPV)
- canine distemper virus (CDV)
- canine hepatitis (CAV-1, CAV-2)
-Canine Parainfluenza (CPiV)
-Canine Influenza
-Leptospria
, - canine rabies virus
What are non-core dog vaccines - - canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV)
- canine influenza virus (CIV)
- borderella bronchiseptica (kennel cough)
- canine borrelia burgdorferi (lyme)
- leptospira ssp (leptospirosis)
- canine distmeper-measles combination
-Other vaccines risk-exposure related
What are core cat vaccines - - feline rabies virus
- feline herpesvirus1 (FHV1)
- feline calicivirus (FCV)
- feline panleukopenia virus (FCV)
-Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
What are non-core cat vaccines - - feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
- feline immuodeficiency virus (FIV)
-Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
- feline virulent calicvirus (FCV)
- chlamydophila felis
- bordetella bronchispetica
Describe canine parvovirus - - highly contagious
- shed in feces of infected animals within 4-5 days of exposure
- affects the GI tract
-Virus can survive in heat, cold, hymidity and dry environemts
What are symptoms of canine parvovirus - - severe bloody diarrhea
- lethargy
- loss of appetite
