Exam (elaborations) Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology

Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology:
Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition
by Nancy Tkacs PhD RN (Editor), & 2 more

, Chapter I 8. I BLOOD I AND I CLOTTING ............ 37
Table of Contents Answer IKey ............................................... 43
Advanced Physiology and
Pathophysiology: Essentials for Chapter I 9. I CIRCULATION ............................. 44
Clinical Practice 1st Edition .................... 1
Answer IKey ............................................... 49
Chapter I 1. I THE I FOUNDATIONAL I CONCEPTS I
Chapter I 10. I HEART....................................... 50
OF I CLINICAL IPRACTICE .................................. 2
Answer IKey ............................................... 55
Answer IKey ................................................. 6
Chapter I 11. I LUNGS ...................................... 56
Chapter I 2. I CHEMICAL I AND I BIOCHEMICAL I
FOUNDATIONS ................................................. 7 Answer IKey ............................................... 61

Answer IKey ............................................... 10 Chapter I 12. I KIDNEYS ................................... 62

Chapter I 3. I MOLECULAR I BIOLOGY, I Answer IKey ............................................... 67
GENETICS, I AND I GENETIC DISEASES ............ 11
Chapter I 13. I GASTROINTESTINAL I TRACT .... 69
Answer IKey ............................................... 14
Answer IKey ............................................... 74
Chapter I 4. I CELL I PHYSIOLOGY I AND I
Chapter I 14. I LIVER ........................................ 75
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ....................................... 15
Answer IKey ............................................... 80
Answer IKey ............................................... 18
Chapter I 15. I NERVOUS I SYSTEM ................... 81
Chapter I 5. I INFECTIOUS I DISEASE ................ 19
Answer IKey ............................................... 86
Answer IKey ............................................... 24
Chapter I 16. I MUSCULOSKELETAL I SYSTEM .. 87
Chapter I 6. I THE I IMMUNE I SYSTEM I AND I
LEUKOCYTE I FUNCTION ................................ 25 Answer IKey ............................................... 92
Answer IKey ............................................... 30 Chapter I 17. I ENDOCRINE I SYSTEM............... 93
Chapter I 7. I NEOPLASIA................................. 31 Answer IKey ............................................... 98
Answer IKey ............................................... 36




Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
I I I I I I I




Exam on Acute Inflammation
1. Which of the following is a primary localized symptom of acute inflammation?
A) Fever
B) Fatigue
C) Redness

,D) Granuloma
2. The vascular and hemodynamic phase of acute inflammation begins with a brief period of
vasoconstriction, followed by vasodilation. This results in localized:
A) Bleeding
B) Congestion
C) Pale skin
D) Coolness
3. The cellular phase of acute inflammation involves the migration of leukocytes to the
affected site. Which type of cell arrives first and in large numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
4. Phagocytosis consists of three distinct steps. What is the initial step in this process?
A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing
C) Antigen margination
D) Recognition and adherence
5. Which inflammatory mediator is responsible for increasing capillary permeability and
triggering pain?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide
6. Inflammatory exudates are classified into different types. Which type consists of necrotic
cells trapped in a mesh-like structure?
A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative
D) Membranous
7. The systemic acute-phase response typically begins within hours of inflammation onset.
This response includes:
A) Fever and lethargy
B) Reduced C-reactive protein levels

, C) Positive nitrogen balance
D) Low erythrocyte sedimentation rate
8. Unlike acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is distinguished by which of the
following characteristics?
A) Extensive fibrinous exudation
B) An increase in immature granulocytes (left shift)
C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
D) Presence of lymphocytes and activated macrophages
9. Exogenous pyrogens like interleukin-1 and bacteria in the bloodstream stimulate the release
of endogenous pyrogens that:
A) Regulate temperature control in the brain
B) Induce leukocytosis and anorexia
C) Prevent viral replication in cells
D) Suppress prostaglandin release
10. An elderly patient has sustained a skin tear on her elbow while adjusting herself in bed,
triggering acute inflammation in the affected area. Which of the following is expected during
the vascular phase of inflammation?
A) Release of exudate into interstitial spaces
B) Directed movement of immune cells (chemotaxis)
C) Accumulation of white blood cells along the epithelium
D) Engulfing of cellular debris (phagocytosis)
11. Which of the following individuals is at the greatest risk for developing chronic
inflammation?
A) A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patient
B) A carrier of an antibiotic-resistant microorganism
C) A patient on oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
D) A morbidly obese individual with a sedentary lifestyle
12. Which of the following core body temperatures falls within the normal range?
A) 35.9°C (96.6°F)
B) 38.0°C (100.4°F)
C) 35.5°C (95.9°F)
D) 37.3°C (99.1°F)
13. A post-surgical patient in the recovery unit reports feeling extremely cold. Which
physiological response is likely initiated by the hypothalamus to conserve body heat?