INHOUD
De cel...........................................................................................................7
Cytoplasma...............................................................................................7
De matrix...............................................................................................7
De nucleus of celkern................................................................................8
Het kernmembraan................................................................................8
Chromatine............................................................................................8
Kernskelet..............................................................................................8
Nucleolus of kernlichaampje..................................................................9
De celpathologie.....................................................................................10
Necrosis...............................................................................................10
Celdegeneraties...................................................................................12
Het epitheel...............................................................................................16
Inleiding..................................................................................................16
Intercellulaire verbindingen....................................................................17
Afsluitende verbindingen = occludens................................................17
Hechtingsstructuren............................................................................17
Communicatie verbindingen................................................................18
Verbindingscomplex.............................................................................19
Specialisatie van het celoppervlak..........................................................19
Microvilli...............................................................................................19
Sterocilia..............................................................................................19
Cilia of trilharen...................................................................................19
Flagellen of zweepharen......................................................................20
Classificatie van epitheelcellen (pwp foto’s)...........................................20
Bedekkend epitheel.............................................................................20
Klierepitheel.........................................................................................22
Pathologie van het epitheel....................................................................23
Veroudering van de huid......................................................................23
Het steunweefsel of ‘bindweefsel’.............................................................25
Inleiding..................................................................................................25
1
, Algemene functie.................................................................................25
Algemene bouw...................................................................................26
Oorsprong............................................................................................26
De cellen.................................................................................................26
Fibroblasten-Fibrocyten........................................................................26
Macrofragen.........................................................................................27
Regeneratiecellen................................................................................27
Mastcellen............................................................................................27
Plasmacellen........................................................................................27
Vetcellen..............................................................................................28
Leucocyten..........................................................................................28
De vezels of fibrillen...............................................................................28
Collageenvezels...................................................................................28
Elastische vezels..................................................................................29
De intercellulaire grondstof.....................................................................29
Proteoglycanen....................................................................................29
Glycoproteïnen.....................................................................................29
Soorten bindweefsel...............................................................................29
Los collageen bindweefsel...................................................................29
Stevig collageen bindweefsel..............................................................29
Elastine bindweefsel............................................................................30
Reticulair bindweefsel..........................................................................30
Muceus bindweefsel.............................................................................30
Vetweefsel...........................................................................................30
Het kraakbeenweefsel = halfhard steunweefsel........................................31
Algemeen................................................................................................31
Kraakbeenvorming..................................................................................31
Soorten...................................................................................................31
Hyalien kraakbeen...............................................................................31
Fibro-cartilago......................................................................................32
Elastisch kraakbeen.............................................................................33
Pathologie van het kraakbeen................................................................33
Ischias..................................................................................................33
2
, Osteo-artrose.......................................................................................33
Reumatoïde artritis..............................................................................34
Het beenweefsel of botweefsel..................................................................34
Algemeen................................................................................................34
Functies...................................................................................................34
Bouw.......................................................................................................35
Cellen...................................................................................................35
Matrix...................................................................................................35
Periost..................................................................................................35
Endosteum...........................................................................................35
Beenvorming...........................................................................................36
Intramembraneuze ossificatie (endesmale botvorming).....................36
Endochrondrale beenvorming..............................................................36
Soorten botweefsel.................................................................................36
Plexiform bot........................................................................................36
Lamellair bot........................................................................................36
Spongieus bot......................................................................................36
Compact bot/corticaal bot...................................................................36
Pathologie van het botweefsel................................................................37
Osteomalacie.......................................................................................37
Osteoporose stricto sensu (S.S.) en ouderdomsosteoporose...............38
Rachitis................................................................................................39
Het spierweefsel........................................................................................40
Algemeen................................................................................................40
Skeletspierweefsel..................................................................................41
Bouw....................................................................................................41
Soorten spiervezels.............................................................................43
Functie.................................................................................................43
Hartspierweefsel.....................................................................................44
Algemeen.............................................................................................44
Bouw....................................................................................................44
Functie.................................................................................................44
Glad spierweefsel....................................................................................45
3
, Bouw....................................................................................................45
Functie.................................................................................................45
Pathologie van het skeletspierweefsel....................................................46
Spierdystrofie van Duchenne...............................................................46
Myasthenia gravis................................................................................47
Het gastro-intestinaal stelsel.....................................................................48
Algemeen................................................................................................48
De mondholte.........................................................................................48
De tong...................................................................................................48
Algemeen.............................................................................................48
De mucosa...........................................................................................48
De pharynx of keelholte..........................................................................49
Functie.................................................................................................49
Bouw....................................................................................................49
De slokdarm of oesophagus....................................................................50
Bouw....................................................................................................50
De maag.................................................................................................50
Anatomische indeling..........................................................................50
Bouw....................................................................................................50
De dunne darm.......................................................................................52
Functie.................................................................................................52
Bouw....................................................................................................52
De dikke darm.........................................................................................53
Functie.................................................................................................53
Bouw....................................................................................................54
Pathologie van het gastro-intestinaal stelsel..........................................54
Gastritis...............................................................................................54
De pancreas = alvleesklier........................................................................56
Algemeen................................................................................................56
Bouw.......................................................................................................56
Exocriene componente........................................................................56
Endocriene componente......................................................................56
De lever......................................................................................................57
4
De cel...........................................................................................................7
Cytoplasma...............................................................................................7
De matrix...............................................................................................7
De nucleus of celkern................................................................................8
Het kernmembraan................................................................................8
Chromatine............................................................................................8
Kernskelet..............................................................................................8
Nucleolus of kernlichaampje..................................................................9
De celpathologie.....................................................................................10
Necrosis...............................................................................................10
Celdegeneraties...................................................................................12
Het epitheel...............................................................................................16
Inleiding..................................................................................................16
Intercellulaire verbindingen....................................................................17
Afsluitende verbindingen = occludens................................................17
Hechtingsstructuren............................................................................17
Communicatie verbindingen................................................................18
Verbindingscomplex.............................................................................19
Specialisatie van het celoppervlak..........................................................19
Microvilli...............................................................................................19
Sterocilia..............................................................................................19
Cilia of trilharen...................................................................................19
Flagellen of zweepharen......................................................................20
Classificatie van epitheelcellen (pwp foto’s)...........................................20
Bedekkend epitheel.............................................................................20
Klierepitheel.........................................................................................22
Pathologie van het epitheel....................................................................23
Veroudering van de huid......................................................................23
Het steunweefsel of ‘bindweefsel’.............................................................25
Inleiding..................................................................................................25
1
, Algemene functie.................................................................................25
Algemene bouw...................................................................................26
Oorsprong............................................................................................26
De cellen.................................................................................................26
Fibroblasten-Fibrocyten........................................................................26
Macrofragen.........................................................................................27
Regeneratiecellen................................................................................27
Mastcellen............................................................................................27
Plasmacellen........................................................................................27
Vetcellen..............................................................................................28
Leucocyten..........................................................................................28
De vezels of fibrillen...............................................................................28
Collageenvezels...................................................................................28
Elastische vezels..................................................................................29
De intercellulaire grondstof.....................................................................29
Proteoglycanen....................................................................................29
Glycoproteïnen.....................................................................................29
Soorten bindweefsel...............................................................................29
Los collageen bindweefsel...................................................................29
Stevig collageen bindweefsel..............................................................29
Elastine bindweefsel............................................................................30
Reticulair bindweefsel..........................................................................30
Muceus bindweefsel.............................................................................30
Vetweefsel...........................................................................................30
Het kraakbeenweefsel = halfhard steunweefsel........................................31
Algemeen................................................................................................31
Kraakbeenvorming..................................................................................31
Soorten...................................................................................................31
Hyalien kraakbeen...............................................................................31
Fibro-cartilago......................................................................................32
Elastisch kraakbeen.............................................................................33
Pathologie van het kraakbeen................................................................33
Ischias..................................................................................................33
2
, Osteo-artrose.......................................................................................33
Reumatoïde artritis..............................................................................34
Het beenweefsel of botweefsel..................................................................34
Algemeen................................................................................................34
Functies...................................................................................................34
Bouw.......................................................................................................35
Cellen...................................................................................................35
Matrix...................................................................................................35
Periost..................................................................................................35
Endosteum...........................................................................................35
Beenvorming...........................................................................................36
Intramembraneuze ossificatie (endesmale botvorming).....................36
Endochrondrale beenvorming..............................................................36
Soorten botweefsel.................................................................................36
Plexiform bot........................................................................................36
Lamellair bot........................................................................................36
Spongieus bot......................................................................................36
Compact bot/corticaal bot...................................................................36
Pathologie van het botweefsel................................................................37
Osteomalacie.......................................................................................37
Osteoporose stricto sensu (S.S.) en ouderdomsosteoporose...............38
Rachitis................................................................................................39
Het spierweefsel........................................................................................40
Algemeen................................................................................................40
Skeletspierweefsel..................................................................................41
Bouw....................................................................................................41
Soorten spiervezels.............................................................................43
Functie.................................................................................................43
Hartspierweefsel.....................................................................................44
Algemeen.............................................................................................44
Bouw....................................................................................................44
Functie.................................................................................................44
Glad spierweefsel....................................................................................45
3
, Bouw....................................................................................................45
Functie.................................................................................................45
Pathologie van het skeletspierweefsel....................................................46
Spierdystrofie van Duchenne...............................................................46
Myasthenia gravis................................................................................47
Het gastro-intestinaal stelsel.....................................................................48
Algemeen................................................................................................48
De mondholte.........................................................................................48
De tong...................................................................................................48
Algemeen.............................................................................................48
De mucosa...........................................................................................48
De pharynx of keelholte..........................................................................49
Functie.................................................................................................49
Bouw....................................................................................................49
De slokdarm of oesophagus....................................................................50
Bouw....................................................................................................50
De maag.................................................................................................50
Anatomische indeling..........................................................................50
Bouw....................................................................................................50
De dunne darm.......................................................................................52
Functie.................................................................................................52
Bouw....................................................................................................52
De dikke darm.........................................................................................53
Functie.................................................................................................53
Bouw....................................................................................................54
Pathologie van het gastro-intestinaal stelsel..........................................54
Gastritis...............................................................................................54
De pancreas = alvleesklier........................................................................56
Algemeen................................................................................................56
Bouw.......................................................................................................56
Exocriene componente........................................................................56
Endocriene componente......................................................................56
De lever......................................................................................................57
4
