Funeral Service – Pathology Latest Questions with Complete Solutions 2025

Funeral Service – Pathology Latest Questions with Complete Solutions 2025 Pathology - Correct Answer the study of disease, specifically, the study of the structure and function of the body as it is affected by disease. Gross pathology - Correct Answer studies changes in the structure and function of the body which can be observed with the unaided eye Microscopic pathology - Correct Answer cellular, or histo- studies changes which occur in the cells of the body at the microscopic level. The use of a microscope is required for this aspect of pathology General pathology - Correct Answer deals with general or broad disease processes, such as necrosis or inflammation, which may affect the entire body or widespread tissues and organs. Special pathology - Correct Answer studies disease processes affecting individual body areas or systems, such as pathology of the respiratory system or diseases of the skin Pathological anatomy - Correct Answer deals with the study of tissues which have been removed from the body for pathological study. If they were removed during surgery, as a biopsy, it may be referred to as surgical pathology, or if removed during autopsy, it would be called autopsy pathology Clinical pathology - Correct Answer deals with the laboratory study of, and the performance of standardized tests on, body fluids and secretions, such as blood and urine tests, or cultures and smears of various types Physiological pathology - Correct Answer refers to studying the functional changes in the body resulting from disease Forensic pathology - Correct Answer medical-legal pathology- that field of pathology which deals with both the medical and legal issues surrounding death Autopsy - Correct Answer examination of the body after death in order to determine the cause of death and or the existence of various disease conditions. Disease - Correct Answer any change in the structure or function of the body as a result of injury to the tissues Acute - Correct Answer a disease with a relatively rapid onset and short duration Chronic - Correct Answer a disease with a slower onset and a generally longer duration Fulminating - Correct Answer an acute disease which is particularly severe and sudden in its onset, and often proves fatal Recurrent - Correct Answer diseases which show alternating increases and decreases in their symptoms Infectious - Correct Answer diseases that are caused by pathogenic microorganisms Contagious - Correct Answer diseases which are easily transmitted from person to person Infestation - Correct Answer the presence of macroscopic organisms in or on the body, such as animal parasites Idiopathic - Correct Answer a disease for which the cause is unknown Occupational - Correct Answer a disease resulting from the nature of ones working conditions Endemic - Correct Answer diseases which are always present to some degree in a given area or community Sporadic - Correct Answer disease which are found to occur only occasionally in a community Epidemic - Correct Answer diseases which affect a much larger than normal number of people in a community at one time Pandemic - Correct Answer diseases which affect the majority of the population in a very large area, possibly even world wide Acquired - Correct Answer any disease which was obtained after birth Congenital - Correct Answer those diseases which are present at birth Hereditary - Correct Answer those diseases which result from the fact that a person inherited some sort of abnormal genes from his/her parents Febrile - Correct Answer diseases characterized by fever Intoxicating - Correct Answer diseases characterized by the presence of poisons or other toxic substances Deficiency - Correct Answer diseases characterized by the lack of some essential dietary ingredient Iatrogenic - Correct Answer disease which results from a physicians treatment of a patient Malformation - Correct Answer anomalies- any defect in formation, structure, or position of a body part Aplasia - Correct Answer absence of a body part Amelia - Correct Answer a form of aplasia in which one or more limbs is missing Hypoplasia - Correct Answer under development of a body part Spina bifida - Correct Answer a defect in the walls of the lower part of the spinal column, where the bones do not form properly and may result in protrusion of the spinal cord and membranes out of the spinal cavity Polydactylism - Correct Answer an excess number of fingers or toes Hernia - Correct Answer protrusion of an organ through the wall of the body cavity in which it is contained Fistula - Correct Answer an abnormal tract or channel through the tissues Cyst - Correct Answer a sac like structure containing fluid or a semi solid substance, usually results from the abnormal development of tissues, obstruction of ducts, or infections Down's syndrome - Correct Answer mongolism- genetic defect resulting in various degrees of mental retardation Lesions - Correct Answer structural changes produced in the tissues as a result of disease Organic - Correct Answer diseases which have readily identifiable characteristic lesions associated with them, such as swollen and inflamed mucous membranes of strep throat Functional - Correct Answer diseases which have no such characteristic lesions when they occur, such as migraine headaches Symptom - Correct Answer used to describe subjective indications of the presence of disease in the body Sign - Correct Answer indication of the presence of disease, such as fever or swelling Syndrome - Correct Answer a group of symptoms or signs which usually appear together to indicate the presence of a particular disease Diagnosis - Correct Answer the identification of a disease Prognosis - Correct Answer a prediction of the probably outcome of the disease Etiology - Correct Answer the study of the causes of disease Exciting - Correct Answer immediate factors, those things which actually do cause a disease Predisposing - Correct Answer factors which increase one's susceptibility to a disease, but don't actually cause it Trauma - Correct Answer any physical injury to the tissues of the body such as cuts, bruises, scrapes, or fractures Hyperemia - Correct Answer congestion. A condition which refers to excess blood in a body part. Active hyperemia - Correct Answer excess blood in a body part which was actively or purposefully taken there by the arterial system of the body. Active physiological hyperemia - Correct Answer excess blood flow to a body part taken there purposefully by the body due to excercise. Active pathological hyperemia - Correct Answer excess blood in a body part sent there purposefully by the body as a result of some disease process, such as infammation Passive hyperemia - Correct Answer occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased. There is excess blood in an area not as a result of the arteries delivering this blood there, but because blood cannot leave the area in a normal fashion. It is always pathological. Usually the result of a blood clot, disease of vascular walls, or pressure from an outside lesion. Normally the result of a heart disorder Hypostatic congestion - Correct Answer when the heart is unable to provide adequate pressure on the vascular system, blood flow has a tendency to slow down and congest up in the veins. This faulty circulation can result in blood settling to the dependent parts of the body when gravity overcomes the normal flow of blood in the circulatory system Cyanosis - Correct Answer bluish discoloration of the tissues as a result of generalized passive hyperemia, flow of blood through the pulmonary system is diminished and blood is not properly oxygenated Thrombosis - Correct Answer a term which refers to the formation of a solid mass, or blood clot, within the heart or the vessels of the body Thrombus - Correct Answer the mass itself, in thrombosis Ischemia - Correct Answer refers to decreased blood flow to a body part. Often happens when a thrombus or an embolus lodges in an artery. May also result from other diseases such as atherosclerosis or result from pressure on an artery from the outside, such as when a growing tumor presses on an artery, partially or completely closing it off. Embolism - Correct Answer the condition of an object having floated through the bloodstream and causing an obstruction of a vessel. One of the most common forms of embolism w=occurs when a thrombus or piece of a thrombus breaks loose and lodges elsewhere in the body Embolus - Correct Answer the object itself, in embolism Infarction - Correct Answer when , as a result of ischemia, the area of tissue which was deprived of its blood supply dies Infarct - Correct Answer the area of tissue which dies during an infarction Ischemic necrosis - Correct Answer when various cells of the body are subjected to a loss of oxygen as a result of their blood supply being cut off, they eventually die Dry gangrene - Correct Answer another name for ischemic necrosis, when it occurs in the extremities, particularly the foot and lower left area. Moist gangrene - Correct Answer true gangrene, characterized by necrotic tissue which has been invaded by bacteria which in turn are responsible for the putrefaction that occurs. Hemorrhage - Correct Answer escape of blood from the vascular system; any time blood leaves a vessel Petechiae - Correct Answer tiny pin point hemorrhages Purpura - Correct Answer widespread areas of hemorrhage into the skin or mucous membranes; latin meaning purple Hematoma - Correct Answer tumor like swelling filled with blood. A common example is a blood blister Melena - Correct Answer very dark, tarry feces or vomit which results from the action of gastrointestinal secretions upon blood in the digestive tract. Hemothorax - Correct Answer bleeding into the pleural cavity Hemopericardium - Correct Answer bleeding in the pericardial cavity Hemoperitoneum - Correct Answer bleeding into the peritoneal cavity Hemopysis - Correct Answer blood in the sputum or from the lungs Hematemesis - Correct Answer blood in the vomit or from the stomach Epistaxis - Correct Answer bleeding from the nose Coagulation - Correct Answer the process of blood changing from a liquid, free flowing form, into a semi solid state Shock - Correct Answer a term used to describe the condition which results from a serious reduction of blood flow in the body, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to the tissues. Edema - Correct Answer excess accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body Anasarca - Correct Answer generalized or wide spread edema Exudate - Correct Answer edema which collects around an inflammation site Hydrothorax - Correct Answer edema of the pleural cavity Hydropericardium - Correct Answer edema of the pericardial cavity Ascites - Correct Answer edema of the peritoneal cavity Dessication - Correct Answer dehydration. A decrease in total body fluids Infiltration - Correct Answer the various pathological processes indicating some disturbance in cell metabolism. Some sort of substance has infiltrated the tissues of the body and accumulated in abnormal amounts Endogenous - Correct Answer latin meaning inside Endogenous pigmentations - Correct Answer jaundice, melanosis, homoglobin Exogenous pigmentations - Correct Answer anthracosis (coal dust), silicosis (stone dust), byssinosis (cotton dust) Bilirubin - Correct Answer an endogenous pigment, an orange to yellowish pigment present in bile. Jaundice - Correct Answer when excess bilirubin collects in the tissues causing a yellowish discoloration of the skin, as a result of various diseases ,inflammations and blockages. Pneumoconiosis - Correct Answer pigmentations caused by prolonged inhalation of dust Anthracosis - Correct Answer black lung disease Amyloid disease - Correct Answer a waxy starch like substance called amyloid is deposited in the tissues, as a result of a metabolic disorder Cloudy swelling - Correct Answer cellular swelling; a term often given to the appearance cells take on when they are somewhat swollen and contain an abnormal amount of water. Atrophy - Correct Answer the decrease in size of a once normal body part, such as the mammary glands after milk production ceases, the uterus after pregnancy, or old age Pathological atrophy - Correct Answer decrease in the size of a once normal body part as a result of some disease or deficiency Inflammation - Correct Answer the bodys response to tissue injury Infection - Correct Answer when inflammation is caused by living agents Exudates - Correct Answer fluids which collect around an inflammation site Diapedesis - Correct Answer white blood cells are migrating out of the capillary walls and into the surrounding tissues Phagocytosis - Correct Answer certain living cells engulf or ingest other cells or particles Suppuration - Correct Answer the process of pus forming Pyogenic - Correct Answer bacteria which cause suppuration Abscess - Correct Answer an area of pus surrounded by a wall of inflammatory tissue Ulcer - Correct Answer a localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane Vesicle - Correct Answer an elevation on the skin containing fluid, as in a blister Pustule - Correct Answer an elevation on the skin containing pus Furuncle - Correct Answer boil; an abscess located in the deeper layers of the skin Carbuncle - Correct Answer two or more communicating furuncles, and often accompanied by additional symptoms such as fever, leukocytosis, weakness and fatigue Repair - Correct Answer used to describe the replacement of damaged tissue with connective tissue Cicatrix - Correct Answer scar. The bodies use of fibrous connective tissue to fill in the gaps resulting in the formation of a scar. Regeneration - Correct Answer the replacement of damaged tissue with identical tissue Neoplasm - Correct Answer any new, abnormal growth of tissue in the body which serves no useful purpose Tumor - Correct Answer a swelling; a term used interchangeably with neoplasm Oncology - Correct Answer the study of neoplasms or tumors Hypertrophy - Correct Answer an increase in the size of a body part due to an increase in the size of the individual cells Compensatory hypertrophy - Correct Answer an increase in the size of body part due to the failure of another organ Hyperplasia - Correct Answer an increase int he size of a body part due to an increase in the number of cells in that organ Metaplasia - Correct Answer refers to a replacement of one type of tissue in a major category Malignant - Correct Answer "of bad kind" ; tumors or neoplasms which are more serious or life threatening. Usually end in the suffix "sarcoma" Cancer - Correct Answer a term used to refer to any malignant neoplasm Metastasis - Correct Answer the ability of malignant tumors to spread Benign - Correct Answer mild, or less serious ly end in the suffix "oma" Warts - Correct Answer those papillomas which are covered with a hard, rough layer of stratified squamous epithelium Polyp - Correct Answer a form of papilloma which grows with a pedicle or stem from the underlying tissue Nevus - Correct Answer a mole. A tumor, usually congenital, which arises in the skin and contains an abundance of melanin. Melanoma - Correct Answer a highlight malignant form of skin cancer Carcinogen - Correct Answer a term given to any agent capable of causing cancer Cachexia - Correct Answer a term closely related to emaciation which refers to a state of general ill health, malnutrition and wasting away Anemia - Correct Answer a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin Primary anemia - Correct Answer a disease involving decreased production of red blood cells Secondary anemia - Correct Answer increased loss or destruction of red blood cells Pernicious anemia - Correct Answer a disease of decreased production of red blood cells usually associated with older age Aplastic anemia - Correct Answer a form of anemia characterized by a virtual stoppage of blood cell production in the bone marrow Sickle cell anemia - Correct Answer a hemolytic anemia which results from a genetic defect in the manufacture of hemoglobin Leukocytosis - Correct Answer an increase in the number of circulating white blood cells, an important defense mechanism of the body when it occurs in a temporary or transient fashion Leukemia - Correct Answer a malignancy of the hemopoietic tissues in the body, and is sometimes referred to as "cancer of the blood" Leukopenia - Correct Answer a decrease in white blood cells Polycythemia - Correct Answer an increase in the number of blood cells in the body Erythrocytosis - Correct Answer an increase in red blood cells Hemophilia - Correct Answer a hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by a greatly prolonged clotting time for blood Thrombocytopenia - Correct Answer a condition characterized by a decreased number of platelets or thrombocytes in the blood Ecchymosis - Correct Answer bruise like patches of hemorrhage under the skin Hypertrophy - Correct Answer an increase in the size of the heart or a part of the heart due to an increase in the size of the muscle fibers Dilation - Correct Answer the increase in the size of the heart or a heart chamber due to a stretching of the muscle fibers in the walls of the chamber Occlusion - Correct Answer a blocking or closing off of the coronary arteries from various causes Myocardial infarction - Correct Answer the scientific name for a heart attack. Hypertensive heart disease - Correct Answer refers to the various changes which occur in the heart as a result of prolonged pumping against unusual resistance Stenosis - Correct Answer the narrowing of an opening or passageway, and is a common problem affecting the heart valves, particularly the atrioventricular valves Insufficiency - Correct Answer incompetence; terms related to diseased valves and they refer to the inability of a valve to close properly Prolapse - Correct Answer one or more of the cusps of the heart valve turns backwards into the atrium upon ventricular systole. Commonly affects the mitral valve. Bacterial endocarditis - Correct Answer inflammation of the inner lining of the heart Pericarditis - Correct Answer inflammation of the outer sac surrounding the heart Myocarditis - Correct Answer inflammation of the heart muscle itself Rheumatic heart disease - Correct Answer heart damage which results from rheumatic fever Aschoff's bodies - Correct Answer small nodules which eventually develop into scar tissue inside the heart and it's lining endocardium, as a result of rheumatic heart disease Congestive heart failure - Correct Answer a general term given to the condition in which the heart is diseased and not able to adequately pump blood to meet the needs of the body Cardiomyopathy - Correct Answer disease of the heart muscle; often associated with congestive heart failure Arteriosclerosis - Correct Answer a degenerative condition in which the arteries of the body become hardened, thickened, and inelastic as a result of the deposition of calcium in their walls Plaques - Correct Answer fatty deposits on the tunica intima of the vessels Atheroclerosis - Correct Answer the forming of plaques in the arteries Fusiform - Correct Answer swelling around the entire circumference of an artery Phlebitis - Correct Answer when the veins of the body become inflammed Varicose veins - Correct Answer varices; those veins which become dilated and tortuous. They often form when the return of blood flow toward the heart is impeded Hemorrhoids - Correct Answer vericose veins which form in the area of the rectum and anal canal Stomatitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the mouth Gingivitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the gums Glossitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the tongue Tonsillitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the tonsils Pharyngitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the pharynx/throat Esophagitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the esophagus Gastritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the stomach Peptic ulcers - Correct Answer ulcers which occur in the stomach and duodenum Peritonitis - Correct Answer infection of the lining membrane of the abdominal cavity Pyloric stenosis - Correct Answer the formation of scar tissue in the stomach and duodenum Proctitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the rectum Enteritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the small intenstine Collitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the colon Diverticulosis - Correct Answer the intestinal tract is affected by small, pouch like structures which protrude into the walls of the intestine. Hepatitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the liver Hepatitis A - Correct Answer infectious hepatitis, transmitted via contaminated food and water Hepatitis b - Correct Answer serum hepatitis, a form of hepatitis which is more likely to be transmitted through contaminated body fluids Cirrhosis - Correct Answer long term degeneration of the functioning cells of the liver Cholecystitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the gallbladder Cholelithiasis - Correct Answer the formation of gall stones Cholangitis - Correct Answer the bile ducts are inflamed Pancreatitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the pancreas Coryza - Correct Answer the common cold Rhinitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the nasal passages Sinusitis - Correct Answer paranasal sinuses are infected/inflammed Laryngitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the voicebox Hay fever - Correct Answer a form of allergy, characterized by watery and itchy eyes, a runny nose, and sneezing and coughing as a result of hypersensitivity to various grass and tree pollens Influenza - Correct Answer the flu; a common viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract Tracheitis - Correct Answer infection of the trachea Bronchitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the bronchi Asthma - Correct Answer a form of allergy characterized by hypersecretion of mucous and spasms of the bronchial muscles Pneumonia - Correct Answer inflammation of the lungs, generally with the collection of inflammatory exudates in the alveoli Lobar pneumonia - Correct Answer pneumonia in one or two o the lobes of the lungs Empyema - Correct Answer pyothorax; when inflammatory exudates which collect in the pleural cavity are purulent (containing pus) in nature Pneumothorax - Correct Answer air in the pleural cavity Emphysema - Correct Answer a respiratory disease, described as a long term chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue COPD - Correct Answer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; an umbrella term encompassing the various conditions which cause long term interference with the normal respiratory exchange of gases. Cystic fibrosis - Correct Answer a condition which affects several body systems, particularly those with exocrine secretory functions, such as the pancreas and the sweat glands. Often discussed in reference to the pancreas Pleurisy - Correct Answer pleuritis; inflammation of the pleura, or the membranes surrounding the lungs, commonly accompanying lobar pneumonia. Results in severe pain upon breathing due to the fact that the inflamed membranes are rubbing against eachother when the chest expands and contracts Pyothorax - Correct Answer empyema; when inflammatory exudates which collect in the pleural cavity are purulent in nature Asbestosis - Correct Answer inhalation of asbestos Tuberculosis - Correct Answer a serious infectious and communicable disease caused by the bacillus mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tubercles - Correct Answer lesions associated with tuberculosis Cold abscess - Correct Answer when the contents of a tubercle become liquefied, resembling pus, but without all of the characteristic signs of inflammation Cavitation - Correct Answer occurs when the growth a tubercle erodes the walls of an adjacent bronchus, and the contents are thrown off into the air passageway, leaving an empty cavity Caseation - Correct Answer material that resembles a soft, cheesy mass, associated with tubercles as a result of tuberculosis Nephritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the kidney Nephron - Correct Answer the basic structural and functional unit of kidney tissue Glomerulonephritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the glomeruli, which are the filtering capillaries in the kidney Hematuria - Correct Answer blood in the urine Albuminuria - Correct Answer albumin (blood serum) in the urine Nephrosclerosis - Correct Answer when the arteries and arterioles of the kidney become hardened and sclerotic Pyelitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the kidney pelvis Pyelonephritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the pelvis and the kidney itself Uremia - Correct Answer urea in the blood Anuria - Correct Answer complete suppression of urine output Oliguria - Correct Answer less than the normal amount of urine Polyuria - Correct Answer the passage of excess quantities of urine Diabetes insipidus - Correct Answer a disease of the posterior part of the pituitary gland, causing excess urine to be generated as a result of hormones not being correctly produced Diabetes mellitus - Correct Answer sugar diabetes; a common disease of the pancreas which results in its failure to secrete proper amounts of insulin Glycosuria - Correct Answer excess sugar in the urine Hemoglobinuria - Correct Answer only hemoglobin, not blood, is present in the urine Hydronephrosis - Correct Answer a build up of urine in the kidney pelvis, causing dilation of the pelvis and even compression of kidney tissue Nephrolithiasis - Correct Answer the formation of kidney stones Nephroliths - Correct Answer renal calculi; kidney stones themselves Ureteritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the ureters Cystitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the urinary bladder Urethritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the urethra Extradural - Correct Answer hemorrhage which occurs outside of the dura between the cranial bones Epidural - Correct Answer hemmorhage between the dura matter and the skull Sub dural - Correct Answer hemorrhage occurs beneath the dura, between it and and the arachnoid Subarachnoid - Correct Answer hemorrhages occurring beneath the arachnoid, between it and the pia Contusion - Correct Answer an injury to the brain where the skin has not been broken at the site of injury. Bruising of the brain, accompanied by swelling and pain. Fracure - Correct Answer a bone is broken Neurotropic - Correct Answer diseases affecting the nervous system Encephalitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the brain Meningitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the meninges Myelitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the spinal cord Poliomyelitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the gray matter in the spinal cord Neuritis - Correct Answer inflammation of a nerve or nerves Rabies - Correct Answer hydrophobia; an infection which affects the nervous system and is often fatal if untreated, contracted from animals Apoplexy - Correct Answer cerebrovascular accident, circulatory interruption occurring in the brain which falls under the general heading of a stroke Transient ischemic attack - Correct Answer a temporary interference with the blood supply to part of the brain Hydrocephalus - Correct Answer water on the brain Epilepsy - Correct Answer a condition which results from some from of interference with normal electrical activity in the brain Multiple sclerosis - Correct Answer a chronic, degenerative disease affecting the nervous system, characterized by a destruction of the myelin sheaths, or outer covering around nerve fibers Parkinson's disease - Correct Answer shaking palsy, slow spreading tremors, especially in the hands or fingers Cerebral palsy - Correct Answer a nervous system disorder affecting young children, usually the result of some sort of brain damage either before birth or shortly thereafter Creutzfeldt jacob - Correct Answer a disease which causes a slow degeneration of the central nervous system, resulting in a gradual mental deterioration called dementia Alzheimer's - Correct Answer a nervous system disorder characterized by loss of memory, mood changes, and other mental disturbances Orchitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the testes Epididymitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the epidiymis, the highly twisted and tortuous initial section of the spermatic duct Prostatitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the prostate gland Chancre - Correct Answer a genital sore that accompanies syphilis Gumma - Correct Answer areas of necrotic tissues associated with tertiary syphilis General paresis - Correct Answer neurological disorder also known as paralytic dementia Hydrocele - Correct Answer a build up of edematous fluid in the scrotum, surrounding the testes Tabes dorsalis - Correct Answer degeneration of the posterior part of the spinal cord Cryptorchism - Correct Answer failure of the male testes to descend into the scrotum Oophoritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the ovaries Salpingitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the fallopian tubes Metritis - Correct Answer uteritis; inflammation of the uterus Endometritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus Endocervicitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the cervix Vaginitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the vagina Mastitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the mammary glands Eclampsia - Correct Answer toxemia of pregnancy Tubal pregnancy - Correct Answer when the fertilized ovum does not pass out of the tube Abdominal pregnancy - Correct Answer a fertilized ovum attempts to develop in the abdominal cavity Endometriosis - Correct Answer a condition where endometrial tissue, normally found lining the uterus, is located elsewhere in the pelvis or abdominal area, or even found on the fallopian tubes, ovaries, peritoneum, intestines, etc. Leads to pain, swelling, and bleeding Dermoid cyst - Correct Answer a benign neoplasm containing a rather greasy material secreted by sebaceous glands formed in the walls of the cyst; may also contain other bodily fluids not normally found in this area such as skin, hair, thyroid tissue and even teeth Mastectomy - Correct Answer surgical removal of the breast Osteitis - Correct Answer inflammation of a bone Osteomyelitis - Correct Answer a condition where the bone marrow and possibly the bone itself is inflammed Arthritis - Correct Answer inflammation of a joint Rheumatoid arthritis - Correct Answer inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the joint capsule Osteoarthritis - Correct Answer a degenerative disease which causes degeneration of articular cartilages Gout - Correct Answer uric acid builds up in the blood stream and tends to precipitate out of solution and form urate crystals which accumulate in body tissues Bursitis - Correct Answer inflammation of bursa; bursae are small sac like structures containing synovial fluid and they function to reduce friction in areas where a lot of movement occurs. Tennis elbow Osteoporosis - Correct Answer the loss of bone density Osteomalacia - Correct Answer softening of bone tissue due to a loss of calcium. Referred to as rickets in children Achondroplasia - Correct Answer no cartilage is formed. A genetic disorder which results in a failure of cartilage to develop properly Scoliosis - Correct Answer a condition in which the spinal column contains an abnormal lateral curvature Kyphosis - Correct Answer humpback; an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine Osteoma - Correct Answer chondroma; benign tumors of bone and cartilage respectively Osteosarcoma - Correct Answer chondrosarcoma; malignancies of bone and cartilage Compound fracture - Correct Answer a fracture in which the broken bone pierces the skin Comminuted fracture - Correct Answer a fracture in which bone is crushed or splintered into pieces Greenstick fracture - Correct Answer one in which the bone is bent on one side with a breakage on the opposite side, as would occur when one attempts to break a green stick Complete fracture - Correct Answer one in which two sections of bone are not touching or completely separated from eachother Master gland - Correct Answer the pituitary gland Dwarfism - Correct Answer a result of hyposecretion of growth hormone Giantism - Correct Answer a result of hypersecretion of growth hormone Simmond's disease - Correct Answer characterized by emaciation, mental dullness, general ill health; premature aging, loss of sexual function, slow metabolism and loss of hair; a result of diminished function of the bodies master gland Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer when an excess of thyroid hormone is secreted Grave's disease - Correct Answer a special and often severe case of hyperthyroidism, also known as exophthalmic goiter, characterized by bulging eyeballs due to edema of the tissues in the back of the eyesocket. Hypothyroidism - Correct Answer a failure of the thyroid gland to produce sufficient hormone Cretinism - Correct Answer when hypothyroidism is congenital, dwarfism both mentally and physically Myxedema - Correct Answer when hypothyroidism occurs in life, characterized by puffy skin due to infiltration of the tissues with a mucous like edema, as well as slow metabolism Goiter - Correct Answer a term used to indicate an increase in the size of the thyroid gland Tetany - Correct Answer abnormal sustained muscle contractions as a result of hypoparathyroidism Cushing's syndrome - Correct Answer a condition affecting the adrenal glands, and a form of hyperadrenalism; excess quantities of hormones called glucocorticoids are produced, sometimes as a result of a tumor on the adrenal gland. Causes a build up of a fatty pad over the shoulders and upper back (buffalo hump ), also causes the face to be round and moon shaped. Addison's disease - Correct Answer a form of hypoadrenalism in which the hormones controlling water and salt levels are affected, causing dehydration, emaciation, general weakness, and a deep brown or bronze discoloration of the skin Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome - Correct Answer often discussed in connection with the adrenal glands though it is actually a blood infection caused by the meningococcus organism; a fulminating infection characterized by numerous hemorrhages into the skin, as well as severe adrenal hemorrhage with rapid circulatory failure and death Islets of langerhands - Correct Answer special patches of cells contained within the pancreas responsible for producing the hormones insulin and glucagon Hyperglycemia - Correct Answer excess sugars in the blood Lupus vulgaris - Correct Answer tuberculosis of the skin, characterized by patches or ulcerations which may leave scars on the skin after healing Scarlet fever - Correct Answer a streptococcal infection characterized by sore throat, fever, and other systemic symptoms. It gets it's name from the red skin rash which occurs during the disease Dermatomycosis - Correct Answer several general of fungi, ringworm or tinea, jock itch, athletes foot Dermatitis - Correct Answer inflammation of the skin Eczema - Correct Answer contact dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis - Correct Answer a condition resulting from an excessive secretion of oil, called sebum Papillomas - Correct Answer benign epithelial tumors which occur on the skin