NU 220 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS

NU 220 MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Common shapes and configurations of lesions - Answer-Annular, confluent, discrete, gyrate, grouped, linear, target, zosteriform, polycyclic Patch - Answer-Macules that are >1cm -Ex. mongolian spot, vitiligo, cafe au lait spot, chloasma, measles rash Plaque - Answer-Papules coalesce to form surface elevation wider than 1cm, plateau-like disk shaped lesion -Ex. psoriasis, lichen planus Nodule - Answer-Solid, elevated, hard or soft, >1cm -May extend deeper into dermis than papule -Ex. xanthoma, fibroma, intradermal nevi Wheal - Answer--Superficial, raised, transient, erythematous -Slightly irregular shape from edema -Ex. mosquito bite, allergic rxn, dermographism Uticaria (hives) - Answer-Wheals coalesce to form extensive reaction, intensely pruritic Tumor - Answer--Larger than a few centimeters in diameter -Firm or soft -Deeper into dermis -Benign or malignant -Lipoma, hemangioma Vesicle - Answer--Elevated cavity containing free fluid -Up to 1cm -Blister -Clear serum flows if wall is ruptured -Ex. early varicella, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis Bulla - Answer-- >1cm diameter -Single chambered -Superficial in epidermis -Thin walled and ruptures easily -Ex. friction blister, pemphigus, burns, contact dermatitis Cyst - Answer--Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity in dermis or subcut -Tensely elevates skin -Ex. sebaceous cyst, wen Pustule - Answer-Turbid fluid in the cavity, circumscribed and elevated ex. impetigo, acne Crust - Answer--Thickened dried-out exudate left from burst vesicles/pustules -Red-brown, honey, yellow depending on ingredients -Ex. impetigo (dry, honey colored), weeping eczematous dermatitis, scab after abrasion Fissure - Answer--Linear crack with abrupt edges -Extends into dermis -Dry or moist -Ex. Cheilosis at corners of mouth, athlete's foot Erosion - Answer--Scooped out hollow depression -Superficial -Epidermis is lost -Moist but w/o bleeding -No scar is left (does not extend into dermis) Ulcer - Answer--Deeper depression -Extends into dermis -Irregular shape -May bleed -Leaves scar when heals -Ex. stasis ulcer (caused by venous insufficiency), pressure sore, chancre (syphillis) Excoriation - Answer--Self afflicted abrasion -Superficial -Can be crusted -Scratches from intense itching -Ex. insect bites, scabies, dermatitis, varicella Scar - Answer--Normal tissue replaced with connective tissue/collagen when lesion is repaired -Permanent fibrotic change -Ex. healed area of surgery or injury, acne Atrophic scar - Answer-Skin is depressed w/loss of tissue, epidermis is thinned (ex. striae) Lichenification - Answer--Prolonged intense scratching thickens skin -Tightly packed sets of papules -Looks like surface moss/lichen Keloid - Answer--benign excess of scar tissue beyond original injury site -Looks smooth, rubbery, shiny, claw-like -Feels smooth and firm -Found in ear lobes, back of neck, scalp, chest, back -Occurs months to years after trauma -Common 10-30 yrs, Blacks Asians Hispanics -Ex. surgery, acne, ear piercing, tattoos, infections, burns Stages of Presure Ulcers - Answer-I: skin is red and unbroken, localized redness does not blanch (pale skin) appears darker and does not blanch (dark skin) II: Partial-thickness, skin erosion, loss of epidermis and dermis, looks shallow like an abrasion or open blister. Red pink wound bed III: Full thickness pressure ulcer. Extends into subcutaneous tissue, resembles a crater. Can see subcut fat but not muscle bone or tendon IV: Full thickness pressure ulcer. Involves all skin layers, extends into supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. May show slough (stringy) or eschar (black/brown necrotic tissue) Hematoma - Answer--Bruise you can feel -Elevates the skin --> swelling -Multiple petechiae and purpura w/ raised venous pressure (coughing or crying) Pattern injury - Answer--Bruise or wound -Shape suggests weapon cuased it -Clear border w/certain patterns -If fracture untreated --> deformity -Can suggest child abuse --> intervention Contusion (bruise) - Answer--Mechanical injury results in hemorrhage -Skin intact -Red blue or purple --> blue or purple --> blue green --> yellow --> brown (for light skin) -Darker skin: deep dark purple -Do not date bruise by color -Does not blanch with pressure -Caused by trauma, bleeding disorders, liver dysfunction -Different from petechiae, ecchymosis, purpura Normal skin findings - Answer-Skin is warm with temperature equal bilaterally. Skin is well moisturized. Texture is smooth and firm with an even surface. Epidermis is uniformly thin over most of the body. No edema present. Good mobility and turgor. No lesions present. Lymph nodes of the face and neck - Answer-Pre/post auricular, occipital, jugulodigastric, submandibular, submental, posterior cervical, superficial cervical, deep cervical, supraclavicular, subclavicular Examination of the face - Answer--Symmetry -Appearance/expression -Presence of swelling -Facial structures -Changes in skin color -Lesions Examination of the head - Answer--Size and shape -NC/AT? Examination of neck - Answer--Symmetry -ROM -Palpate lymph nodes -Trachea midline? -Palpate thyroid glad (bruit?)