Chapter 1: Test Bank Questions
Anatomical areas in the body are described in reference to ______________. - ANS-The
standard anatomical position
\Calculate how the cell membrane would change if all the phospholipids were replaced with
cholesterol. - ANS-The cell membrane would become much more rigid.
\Choose the best answer for the question: why do feed-forward systems exist in the human
body? - ANS-Feed-forward systems anticipate changes in physiological systems.
\Compare the functioning of facilitated diffusion to active transport. - ANS-Active transport can
work against a solute concentration gradient.
\Compare the role of homeostasis to cell-to-cell communication in the human body. -
ANS-Homeostasis depends on cell-to-cell communication.
\Describe the role of the mitochondria in cells. - ANS-ATP production
\Human anatomy is variable. How does this affect the treatment of disease? Does this variability
also affect normal physiologic functions? - ANS-It affects how surgeons approach surgeries and
the course of disease. The variability can also affect normal physiologic functioning (like during
situs inversus).
\Hypothesize how a change in a critical physiological factor would be affected by a positive
feedback loop? - ANS-A change in the factor would lead to a greater change in the factor.A
\Identify the components of extracellular fluid. - ANS-The fluid inside cells and blood plasma
\If you wanted to increase the osmotic pressure across a cell membrane what would you
modify? - ANS-I would have more water on one side of the membrane than the other.
\Predict what would happen if all the cavities in the body were removed. - ANS-The body
cavities allow organs to maintain their own homeostasis, so they wouldn't function properly.
\Predict what would happen if the concentration of DMSO (nonpolar compound) was 10-fold
higher outside a cell than inside the cell. - ANS-A nonpolar molecule like DMSO would move
through the cell membrane until the concentrations on both sides of the membrane were the
same.A
\Scientists hope to one day be able to predict the physiologic function of a protein based purely
on its structure. What would be the advantage of being able to predict the function of a new
component? Would this predictive ability be of any value in treating a disease? - ANS-This will
be a huge advantage. A scientist will be able to look at a DNA sequence, predict the protein
sequence, and then predict its function. Any alteration to that sequence will change the protein
properties, and may explain various disease states. It will also help scientists to develop new
drugs.
\Select the answer that describes the importance of visualization technologies in medicine. -
ANS-They give us the ability to identify normal vs. abnormal body tissues, structures and
organs.
\Sort the following in the order in which a negative feedback loop functions. - ANS--Detection of
a change in a critical physiological factor
-Signal sent to effector cell
-Effector cell causes change in physiology
Anatomical areas in the body are described in reference to ______________. - ANS-The
standard anatomical position
\Calculate how the cell membrane would change if all the phospholipids were replaced with
cholesterol. - ANS-The cell membrane would become much more rigid.
\Choose the best answer for the question: why do feed-forward systems exist in the human
body? - ANS-Feed-forward systems anticipate changes in physiological systems.
\Compare the functioning of facilitated diffusion to active transport. - ANS-Active transport can
work against a solute concentration gradient.
\Compare the role of homeostasis to cell-to-cell communication in the human body. -
ANS-Homeostasis depends on cell-to-cell communication.
\Describe the role of the mitochondria in cells. - ANS-ATP production
\Human anatomy is variable. How does this affect the treatment of disease? Does this variability
also affect normal physiologic functions? - ANS-It affects how surgeons approach surgeries and
the course of disease. The variability can also affect normal physiologic functioning (like during
situs inversus).
\Hypothesize how a change in a critical physiological factor would be affected by a positive
feedback loop? - ANS-A change in the factor would lead to a greater change in the factor.A
\Identify the components of extracellular fluid. - ANS-The fluid inside cells and blood plasma
\If you wanted to increase the osmotic pressure across a cell membrane what would you
modify? - ANS-I would have more water on one side of the membrane than the other.
\Predict what would happen if all the cavities in the body were removed. - ANS-The body
cavities allow organs to maintain their own homeostasis, so they wouldn't function properly.
\Predict what would happen if the concentration of DMSO (nonpolar compound) was 10-fold
higher outside a cell than inside the cell. - ANS-A nonpolar molecule like DMSO would move
through the cell membrane until the concentrations on both sides of the membrane were the
same.A
\Scientists hope to one day be able to predict the physiologic function of a protein based purely
on its structure. What would be the advantage of being able to predict the function of a new
component? Would this predictive ability be of any value in treating a disease? - ANS-This will
be a huge advantage. A scientist will be able to look at a DNA sequence, predict the protein
sequence, and then predict its function. Any alteration to that sequence will change the protein
properties, and may explain various disease states. It will also help scientists to develop new
drugs.
\Select the answer that describes the importance of visualization technologies in medicine. -
ANS-They give us the ability to identify normal vs. abnormal body tissues, structures and
organs.
\Sort the following in the order in which a negative feedback loop functions. - ANS--Detection of
a change in a critical physiological factor
-Signal sent to effector cell
-Effector cell causes change in physiology
