NURSING THEORIES.

A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ON NURSING THEORIES. What is the main focus of Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring? The importance of a caring relationship between the nurse and patient, emphasizing holistic care and the promotion of health through a transpersonal connection. Which nursing theory emphasizes the adaptation of patients to their environment and the role of nurses in promoting this adaptation? Roy’s Adaptation Model. According to Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, when does nursing intervention become necessary? When an individual is unable to meet their own self-care needs. Which nursing theorist developed the Theory of Goal Attainment, which focuses on nurse-patient communication to achieve health goals? Imogene King. What is the primary concept of Betty Neuman’s Systems Model? The patient is viewed as an open system that interacts with internal and external stressors, with nursing interventions aimed at maintaining system stability. Which nursing theory describes caring as the essence of nursing and emphasizes cultural diversity in healthcare practices? Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care Theory. What is the central idea of Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations? The nurse-patient relationship progresses through identifiable phases to facilitate healing and growth. According to Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Model, how does a nurse transition from a novice to an expert? Through experience, clinical knowledge, and skill development over time. What does Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings emphasize? The patient and environment are energy fields that interact dynamically, requiring a holistic nursing approach. Which nursing theorist introduced the idea of 14 basic needs as a framework for nursing practice? Virginia Henderson. What is the key principle of Nola Pender’s Health Promotion Model? Nurses help patients engage in behaviors that enhance well-being by considering personal characteristics, experiences, and behavioral outcomes. How does Sister Callista Roy define adaptation in her theory? The process by which individuals respond to environmental stimuli and develop coping mechanisms to maintain health and integrity. What is the role of the nurse according to Myra Levine’s Conservation Model? To promote adaptation and conserve patient energy, structure, personal integrity, and social integrity. Which theory emphasizes the interaction between the nurse, patient, and environment to improve patient care? Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory. What is the main goal of the Transitions Theory by Afaf Meleis? To help individuals navigate life transitions, such as health changes, by providing nursing support and guidance. Nursing is considered a practice discipline. What should the nurse be aware is the main difference between this and a research/theory discipline? A. Nursing uses theory and research to help understand its focus. B. Nursing is not considered a practice discipline, and therefore does not utilize research. C. Nonpractice disciplines do not utilize theory in development of their focus. D. Nonpractice disciplines have a central focus of performance of a professional role. A. Nursing uses theory and research to help understand its focus A practice discipline, such as nursing, utilizes theory as a means of providing new possibilities for understanding the discipline's focus. Other disciplines have research and theory development as their central focus. Nursing theory articulates the relationship among person, environment, health, and nursing. What term would a nurse use when referring to these four concepts collectively? A. Paradigm B. Conceptual model C. Grand theories D. Metaparadigm D. Metaparadigm The term metaparadigm originated from the Greek words meta (with) and paradigm (pattern). The four concepts are collectively referred to as a metaparadigm. The others are simply terms used in nursing and other disciplines. What central theory was the basis for Florence Nightingale's definition of nursing, and is integrated in all aspects of nursing as we know it today? A. Goal Attainment Theory B. Unitary Human Beings C. Environmental Theory D. Interpersonal Relations Model C. Environmental Theory Over 100 years ago, Florence Nightingale defined nursing utilizing the environment of the recovery of the patient. Her concepts about ventilation, cleanliness, quiet, warmth, and diet remain integral parts of nursing and health care today. The interpersonal relations model is Peplau's. The Science of Unitary Human Beings is Rogers's. Goal Attainment is King's. Which statement by the client would indicate to the nurse that the client is utilizing Orem's universal self-care requisites (needs)? A. "I am slowly adjusting to the loss of my leg." B. "When my spouse died in the car accident, I thought I would go crazy." C. "I will not allow my mastectomy to stop me from living life fully." D. "Sometimes I prefer to just be alone in my room and meditate." D. "Sometimes I prefer to just be alone in my room and meditate." According to Orem, self-care requisites (needs) are measures or actions taken that provide self-care. Universal requisites are common to all people (air, water, food, solitude, etc.); developmental requisites result from maturation (body image changes, loss of spouse); and health deviation requisites result from illness, injury, or disease/treatment (seeking health assistance, performing prescribed therapies, and adjusting to effects of illness/treatment). Using Betty Neuman's Systems Model, the nurse assesses the client's stressors. Which stressor would the nurse indicate as intrapersonal? A. An incisional infection B. Sleep deprivation C. A desire to be everything to everyone D. Recent loss of job A. An incisional infection Neuman categorizes three types of stressors: intrapersonal (e.g., an infection); interpersonal (e.g., unrealistic role expectation); and extrapersonal (e.g., financial concerns). What would the nurse expect the nurse's role to be when utilizing Parse's human becoming theory? A. Assisting with the gratification of human needs B. Helping individuals and familie