ESS-105 The Dynamic Earth- Unit One
Test Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Mesopotamian culture - ✔✔3100-300 B.C.
Thought of the world as a flat disk or rectangle. Above it is a solid dome that holds the
stars, sun, and moon; the earth stands on pillars or floats on the ocean.
Ancient Hebrews and Old Testament also viewed the world this way.
Which Ancient Greek scholar first argued that the earth was round? - ✔✔In 4th Century
BC, Aristotle argued that the earth was round.
What empirical evidence pointed toward the Ancient Greek claim that the earth was
round? - ✔✔Sailing: mast of ship appears before the rest; sailors see tops of tall
mountains in the distance rise up as they get closer, no matter which direction you're
sailing or coming from.
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Lunar Eclipses: The shadow of the Earth on the Moon is always a circle, no matter
which direction the eclipse is happening in the sky. Only one shape always produces
circle- a sphere.
Stars and Constellations: Northern/Southern (circumpolar) constellations don't change
all year long and are at the same position if you go E or W. Other stars rotate around
them. Higher when moving N, and lower when moving S until they disappear below
the horizon at the equator; Constellations change with the seasons near the Tropics and
anywhere E-W across Earth.
Eratosthenes of Cyrene (3rd Century BC) - ✔✔Ancient Greek Scholar who measured the
circumference of the earth by watching the angles of sunlight
Angles of Sunlight: The angle of the Earth's surface toward the Sun changes throughout
the year; Sun is highest in the sky either as you go south or at Noon in Summer Solstice
(shortest shadows) and lowest either as you go north or in the Winter Solstice (longest
shadows); Sun is NEVER directly overhead at any time except at the Tropic of Cancer at
Noon in the Summer Solstice; The surface of the Earth relative to the Sun is curved from
N to S; arctic circle is latitude 66.5° N; Sun's rays strike Earth at different angles.
How big did Eratosthenes determine the Earth was? - ✔✔24.000 mile circumference.
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, Most educated cultures knew that the Earth was round by_____ - ✔✔1st century BC. By
then, most cultures that were influenced by Greco-Roman in Near East region had
adopted this idea, along with much more from Greek astronomical observations.
St. Augustine - ✔✔Said that Christians would be stupid and make the church look bad
if they said that the Earth was flat.
Why would people believe what Christians say about God if they claimed that the Earth
was flat when there was clear evidence that it wasn't?
What mistake did Columbus make in 1492 when setting sail to cross the ocean? - ✔✔He
ran out of supplies for his trip because he thought that the earth was much smaller than
it was. Luckily he found land (although not India) and accidentally discovered
America!
Magellan - ✔✔Sailed around the world in two years in 1519. He was "successful"
(22/270 crew members died- including Magellan.)
When were the N and S polar regions fully traveled? - ✔✔In the early 1900s.
How high in the air does one need to fly in order to see the Earth's shape? - ✔✔At least
40,000 feet.
Who are dumb dumbs and a disgrace? - ✔✔People who support the Flat Earth Society.
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
Test Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Mesopotamian culture - ✔✔3100-300 B.C.
Thought of the world as a flat disk or rectangle. Above it is a solid dome that holds the
stars, sun, and moon; the earth stands on pillars or floats on the ocean.
Ancient Hebrews and Old Testament also viewed the world this way.
Which Ancient Greek scholar first argued that the earth was round? - ✔✔In 4th Century
BC, Aristotle argued that the earth was round.
What empirical evidence pointed toward the Ancient Greek claim that the earth was
round? - ✔✔Sailing: mast of ship appears before the rest; sailors see tops of tall
mountains in the distance rise up as they get closer, no matter which direction you're
sailing or coming from.
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Lunar Eclipses: The shadow of the Earth on the Moon is always a circle, no matter
which direction the eclipse is happening in the sky. Only one shape always produces
circle- a sphere.
Stars and Constellations: Northern/Southern (circumpolar) constellations don't change
all year long and are at the same position if you go E or W. Other stars rotate around
them. Higher when moving N, and lower when moving S until they disappear below
the horizon at the equator; Constellations change with the seasons near the Tropics and
anywhere E-W across Earth.
Eratosthenes of Cyrene (3rd Century BC) - ✔✔Ancient Greek Scholar who measured the
circumference of the earth by watching the angles of sunlight
Angles of Sunlight: The angle of the Earth's surface toward the Sun changes throughout
the year; Sun is highest in the sky either as you go south or at Noon in Summer Solstice
(shortest shadows) and lowest either as you go north or in the Winter Solstice (longest
shadows); Sun is NEVER directly overhead at any time except at the Tropic of Cancer at
Noon in the Summer Solstice; The surface of the Earth relative to the Sun is curved from
N to S; arctic circle is latitude 66.5° N; Sun's rays strike Earth at different angles.
How big did Eratosthenes determine the Earth was? - ✔✔24.000 mile circumference.
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, Most educated cultures knew that the Earth was round by_____ - ✔✔1st century BC. By
then, most cultures that were influenced by Greco-Roman in Near East region had
adopted this idea, along with much more from Greek astronomical observations.
St. Augustine - ✔✔Said that Christians would be stupid and make the church look bad
if they said that the Earth was flat.
Why would people believe what Christians say about God if they claimed that the Earth
was flat when there was clear evidence that it wasn't?
What mistake did Columbus make in 1492 when setting sail to cross the ocean? - ✔✔He
ran out of supplies for his trip because he thought that the earth was much smaller than
it was. Luckily he found land (although not India) and accidentally discovered
America!
Magellan - ✔✔Sailed around the world in two years in 1519. He was "successful"
(22/270 crew members died- including Magellan.)
When were the N and S polar regions fully traveled? - ✔✔In the early 1900s.
How high in the air does one need to fly in order to see the Earth's shape? - ✔✔At least
40,000 feet.
Who are dumb dumbs and a disgrace? - ✔✔People who support the Flat Earth Society.
100% Pass Guarantee Olivia West, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
