Anatomy 337 Exam 3 |361 Questions and
answers |100% Verified
Telencephalon - -Cerebrum
- Diencephalon - -Thalamus and hypothalamus
- Mesencephalon - -Midbrain
- Metencephalon - -Pons and cerebellum
- Myelencephalon - -Medulla oblongota
- Grey matter - -Cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons
- Cerebral nuclei - -Basal ganglia
Paired gray matter nuclei deep within the white matter
- Medial longitudinal fissure - -divides the brain into right and left
hemispheres
- Corpus callosum - -Connection between the right and left hemispheres
White matter pathway
Susceptible to TBI most anterior and posterior sides
- Cytoarchitecture - -6 different layers of the cerebral cortex
- Brodmann's Areas - -Map of the brain based on cytoarchitectual
differences in the brain regions
BA #
- Multimodal association areas - -Integration and interpretation of sensory
and motor information
- Cerebral cortex - -Where cognition occurs
Mental processes, knowledge, memory, perception, information processing
and thinking
, - Frontal lobe - -Anterior portion of the cerebral hemisphere separated by
the central sulcus posteriorly and the lateral sulcus inferiorly
- Prefrontal cortex areas - -Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
Anterior cingulate cortex
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - -Executive functions: organization,
planning, managing behavior, high level decision making, multitasking
Working memory
- Orbitofrontal cortex - -Modulating emotions, inhibition, adaptive learning,
rewards and emotions
Part of the pre-frontal cortex of the frontal lobe
- Anterior cingulate cortex - -Motivational behavior
Reward based learning: error detection, outcome monitoring
Pain processing
- Primary Motor Cortex - -Frontal lobe
Voluntary motor activity
Precentral gyrus (BA 4)
Beginning of the coricospinal tract
Motor homunculus
- Motor homunclus - -Innervation along the pre-central gyrus
Fine motor control is smaller motor units, more motor units
- Pre-central gyrus - -BA 4
Motor homunculus
Primary motor cortex
, - Premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortices - -Process motor
information, plans and coordinates learned, skilled motor activities
- Broca's Area - -Controls muscle actions needed for speech
Inferolateral portion of the frontal lobe
Left Hemisphere/lobe
- Broca's Aphasia - -Patient can understand language but has difficulty
communicating verbally
Words come out a jumbled mess. Difficulty writing, speaking, ASL
Aware they have this
- Parietal lobe - -Superoposterior part of each hemisphere
Central sulcus anteriorly, lateral sulcus inferiorly and parieto-occipital sulcus
posteriorly
General sensory functions
- Primary somatosensory cortex - -Parietal lobe
Recieves general somatic sensory info from touch and pressure receptors
Post-central gyrus (BA 1, 2, 3)
Sensory homunculus
- Sensory homunculus - -Post-central gyrus
BA 1, 2, 3
- Post-central gyrus - -BA 1, 2, 3
Sensory homunculus
- Somatosensory association cortex - -Integrates and interprets sensory
information
- Temporal Lobe - -Inferior to the lateral sulcus
Superior, middle and inferior gyri
, Hearing and smell
Medial temporal lobe structures
- Medial temporal lobe - -Associated with the limbic system
Memory, learning, aggression, emotion
- Wernicke's Area - -Recognizing and comprehending written and spoken
language
Left hemisphere: Parietal and temporal lobes
- Wernicke's Aphasia - -Fluent speech but meaningless
Impaired repetition and comprehension
Not aware they're speaking meaninglessly
- Hippocampus - -Medial temporal lobe structure
Essential in learning (episodic memory), storing memories and forming long-
term memory
If injured, inability to learn new memories
- Working memory - -Used for temporarily storing and manipulating
information
- Short term memory - -Limited capacity and brief duration
- Long term memory - -May exist for limitless periods of time
- Patient HM - -Medial temporal lobe was removed (therefore, hippocampus
was removed)
He couldn't make new memories
Could teach him to shoot a basketball but he could not remember doing it
Motor memory is in the cerebellum
- Amygdala - -Medial temporal lobe structure that is just anterior to the
hippocampus
Role in establishing associations between sensory input and emotions
answers |100% Verified
Telencephalon - -Cerebrum
- Diencephalon - -Thalamus and hypothalamus
- Mesencephalon - -Midbrain
- Metencephalon - -Pons and cerebellum
- Myelencephalon - -Medulla oblongota
- Grey matter - -Cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons
- Cerebral nuclei - -Basal ganglia
Paired gray matter nuclei deep within the white matter
- Medial longitudinal fissure - -divides the brain into right and left
hemispheres
- Corpus callosum - -Connection between the right and left hemispheres
White matter pathway
Susceptible to TBI most anterior and posterior sides
- Cytoarchitecture - -6 different layers of the cerebral cortex
- Brodmann's Areas - -Map of the brain based on cytoarchitectual
differences in the brain regions
BA #
- Multimodal association areas - -Integration and interpretation of sensory
and motor information
- Cerebral cortex - -Where cognition occurs
Mental processes, knowledge, memory, perception, information processing
and thinking
, - Frontal lobe - -Anterior portion of the cerebral hemisphere separated by
the central sulcus posteriorly and the lateral sulcus inferiorly
- Prefrontal cortex areas - -Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
Anterior cingulate cortex
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - -Executive functions: organization,
planning, managing behavior, high level decision making, multitasking
Working memory
- Orbitofrontal cortex - -Modulating emotions, inhibition, adaptive learning,
rewards and emotions
Part of the pre-frontal cortex of the frontal lobe
- Anterior cingulate cortex - -Motivational behavior
Reward based learning: error detection, outcome monitoring
Pain processing
- Primary Motor Cortex - -Frontal lobe
Voluntary motor activity
Precentral gyrus (BA 4)
Beginning of the coricospinal tract
Motor homunculus
- Motor homunclus - -Innervation along the pre-central gyrus
Fine motor control is smaller motor units, more motor units
- Pre-central gyrus - -BA 4
Motor homunculus
Primary motor cortex
, - Premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortices - -Process motor
information, plans and coordinates learned, skilled motor activities
- Broca's Area - -Controls muscle actions needed for speech
Inferolateral portion of the frontal lobe
Left Hemisphere/lobe
- Broca's Aphasia - -Patient can understand language but has difficulty
communicating verbally
Words come out a jumbled mess. Difficulty writing, speaking, ASL
Aware they have this
- Parietal lobe - -Superoposterior part of each hemisphere
Central sulcus anteriorly, lateral sulcus inferiorly and parieto-occipital sulcus
posteriorly
General sensory functions
- Primary somatosensory cortex - -Parietal lobe
Recieves general somatic sensory info from touch and pressure receptors
Post-central gyrus (BA 1, 2, 3)
Sensory homunculus
- Sensory homunculus - -Post-central gyrus
BA 1, 2, 3
- Post-central gyrus - -BA 1, 2, 3
Sensory homunculus
- Somatosensory association cortex - -Integrates and interprets sensory
information
- Temporal Lobe - -Inferior to the lateral sulcus
Superior, middle and inferior gyri
, Hearing and smell
Medial temporal lobe structures
- Medial temporal lobe - -Associated with the limbic system
Memory, learning, aggression, emotion
- Wernicke's Area - -Recognizing and comprehending written and spoken
language
Left hemisphere: Parietal and temporal lobes
- Wernicke's Aphasia - -Fluent speech but meaningless
Impaired repetition and comprehension
Not aware they're speaking meaninglessly
- Hippocampus - -Medial temporal lobe structure
Essential in learning (episodic memory), storing memories and forming long-
term memory
If injured, inability to learn new memories
- Working memory - -Used for temporarily storing and manipulating
information
- Short term memory - -Limited capacity and brief duration
- Long term memory - -May exist for limitless periods of time
- Patient HM - -Medial temporal lobe was removed (therefore, hippocampus
was removed)
He couldn't make new memories
Could teach him to shoot a basketball but he could not remember doing it
Motor memory is in the cerebellum
- Amygdala - -Medial temporal lobe structure that is just anterior to the
hippocampus
Role in establishing associations between sensory input and emotions
