Test Bank For A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley Chapter 1-14

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TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14




TEST BANK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS R R R




Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
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1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments,RPremises,RandRConclusions.RExercise.RRecognizingRArguments.RExercise.RDeductionRandRInduction.RExercise.RValidity,RTruth,RSoundne
Strength,RCogency.RExercise.RArgumentRForms:RProvingRInvalidity.RExercise.RExtendedRArguments.RExercise.

2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
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VarietiesRofRMeaning.RExercise.RTheRIntensionRandRExtensionRofRTerms.RExercise.RDefinitionsRandRTheirRPurposes.RExercise.RDefinitionalRTechniqu
Exercise.RCriteriaRforRLexicalRDefinitions.RExercise.

3. Informal Fallacies.
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FallaciesRinRGeneral.RExercise.RFallaciesRofRRelevance.RExercise.RFallaciesRofRWeakRInduction.RExercise.RFallaciesRofRPresumption,RAmbiguity,Ra
IllicitRTransference.RExercise.RFallaciesRinROrdinaryRLanguage.RExercise.

Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
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4. Categorical Propositions.
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TheRComponentsRofRCategoricalRPropositions.RExercise.RQuality,RQuantity,RandRDistribution.RExercise.RVennRDiagramsRandRtheRModernRSquare
ROpposition.RExercise.RConversion,RObversion,RandRContraposition.RExercise.RTheRTraditionalRSquareRofROpposition.RExercise.RVennRDiagramsR

dRtheRTraditionalRStandpoint.RExercise.RTranslatingROrdinaryRLanguageRStatementsRintoRCategoricalRForm.RExercise.

5. Categorical Syllogisms.
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StandardRForm,RMood,RandRFigure.RExercise.RVennRDiagrams.RExercise.RRulesRandRFallacies.RExercise.RReducingRtheRNumberRofRTerms.RExercise
rdinaryRLanguageRArguments.RExercise.REnthymemes.RExercise.RSorites.RExercise.

6. Propositional Logic.
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SymbolsRandRTranslation.RExercise.RTruthRFunctions.RExercise.RTruthRTablesRforRPropositions.RExercise.RTruthRTablesRforRArguments.RExercise.RIndir
RTruthRTables.RExercise.RArgumentRFormsRandRFallacies.RExercise.




7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
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RulesRofRImplicationRI.RExercise.RRulesRofRImplicationRII.RExercise.RRulesRofRReplacementRI.RExercise.RRulesRofRReplacementRII.RExercise.RConditiona
roof.RExercise.RIndirectRProof.RExercise.RProvingRLogicalRTruths.RExercise.

8. Predicate Logic.
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SymbolsRandRTranslation.RExercise.RUsingRtheRRulesRofRInference.RExercise.RQuantifierRNegationRRule.RExercise.RConditionalRandRIndirectRProof.
ercise.RProvingRInvalidity.RExercise.RRelationalRPredicatesRandROverlappingRQuantifiers.RExercise.RIdentity.RExercise.

Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
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9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
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AnalogicalRReasoning.RLegalRReasoning.RMoralRReasoning.RExercise.

10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
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,"Cause"RandRNecessaryRandRSufficientRConditions.RMill'sRFiveRMethods.RMill'sRMethodsRandRScience.RExercise.

11. Probability.
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TheoriesRofRProbability.RTheRProbabilityRCalculus.RExercise.

12. Statistical Reasoning.
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EvaluatingRStatistics.RSamples.RTheRMeaningRofR"Average."RDispersion.RGraphsRandRPictograms.RPercentages.RExercise.

13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
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TheRHypotheticalRMethod.RHypotheticalRReasoning:RFourRExamplesRfromRScience.RTheRProofRofRHypotheses.RTheRTentativeRAcceptanceRofRHyp
eses.RExercise.

14. Science and Superstition.
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DistinguishingRBetweenRScienceRandRSuperstition.REvidentiaryRSupport.RObjectivity.RIntegrity.RAbusingRScience.RExercise.

AnswersRtoRSelectedRExercises.

, Chapter 1 Test A
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MULTIPLERCHOICE

INSTRUCTIONS:RTheRfollowingRselectionsRrelateRtoRdistinguishingRargumentsRfromRnonarguments
andRidentifyingRconclusions.RSelectRtheRbestRanswerRforReach.

1.R ThereRappearsRtoRbeRaRgrowingRhappinessRgapRbetweenRmenRandRwomen.RWomenRtodayRareRworking
moreRandRrelaxingRless,RwhileRmenRareRworkingRlessRandRrelaxingRmore.RFortyRyearsRagoRaRtypical
womanRspentR40RminutesRmoreRperRweekRthanRtheRtypicalRmanRperformingRanRactivityRconsidered
unpleasant.RToday,RwithRmenRworkingRless,RtheRgapRisR90RminutesRandRgrowing.
a.R Argument;Rconclusion:RTodayR...RtheRgapRisR90RminutesRandRgrowing.
b.R Nonargument.
c.R Argument;Rconclusion:RFortyRyearsRagoR...RanRactivityRconsideredRunpleasant.
d.R Argument;Rconclusion:RThereRappearsRtoRbeR...RbetweenRmenRandRwomen.
e.R Argument;Rconclusion:RWomenRtodayRareRworkingRmoreRandRrelaxingRless.
ANS:R D PTS:R 2

2.R LeadRisRtoxic,RbutRdoRyouRknowRwhy?RLeadRisRtoxicRmainlyRbecauseRitRpreferentiallyRreplacesRother
metalsRinRbiochemicalRreactions.RInRsoRdoingRitRinterferesRwithRtheRproteinsRthatRregulateRbloodRpressure
(whichRcanRcauseRdevelopmentRdelaysRinRchildrenRandRhighRbloodRpressureRinRadults),RhemeRproduction
(whichRcanRleadRtoRanemia),RandRspermRproduction.RLeadRalsoRdisplacesRcalciumRinRtheRreactionsRthat
transmitRelectricalRimpulsesRinRtheRbrain,RwhichRdiminishesRtheRabilityRtoRthinkRandRrecallRinformation.
AnneRMarieRHelmstine,R"YourRGuideRtoRChemistry"
a.R Argument;Rconclusion:RItRinterferesRwithRtheRproteinsR...RandRspermRproduction.
b.R Argument;Rconclusion:RLeadRisRtoxic.
c.R Nonargument.
d.R Argument;Rconclusion:RItRpreferentiallyRreplacesRotherRmetalsRinRbiochemicalRreactions.
e.R Argument;Rconclusion:RLeadRalsoRdisplacesRcalciumR...RrecallRinformation.
ANS:R C PTS:R 2

3.R AristotleRfocusedRonRclarifyingRtheRconceptRofRvirtueRitself.RHeRarguedRthatRitRwasRvirtuousRtoRchooseRthe
properRamountRofRemotionRand/orRactionRcalledRforRinRaRparticularRsituationRandRthatRextremesRof
emotionRandRactionRwereRvices.RInRallRcommunitiesRthereRareRsomeRmenRofRpracticalRwisdomRwhoRhave
theRcapacityRtoRjudgeRwisely.RAristotleRarguedRthatRtheyRhaveRtheRcapacityRtoRfollowRtheR"rightRrule"
whateverRtheRsituation.
DavidRCooper,RValueRPluralismRandREthicalRChoice
a.R Argument;Rconclusion:RInRallRcommunitiesR...RcapacityRtoRjudgeRwisely.
b.R Argument;Rconclusion:RAristotleRfocusedRonRclarifyingRtheRconceptRofRvirtueRitself.
c.R Argument;Rconclusion:RTheyRhaveRtheRcapacityRtoRfollowR...RtheRsituation.
d.R Argument;Rconclusion:RHeRarguedRthatRitRwasRvirtuousR...RwereRvices
e.R Nonargument.
ANS:R E PTS:R 2

4.R IllegalRimmigrantsRpayRlocalRsalesRtaxes,RandRmanyRofRthemRalsoRpayRstate,Rlocal,RandRfederalRincomeRtax
andRSocialRSecurityRtax.RTheyRalsoRpurchaseRitemsRfromRlocalRmerchants,RincreasingRtheRamountRthese
merchantsRpayRinRtaxes.RInRaddition,RtheyRworkRforRlowRsalaries,RwhichRincreasesRtheRearningsRofRtheir
employersRandRtheRamountRofRtaxesRtheseRemployersRpay.RThus,RitRisRnotRcorrectRtoRsayRthatRillegal
immigrantsRcontributeRnothingRtoRtheRcommunitiesRinRwhichRtheyRlive.
a.R Argument;Rconclusion:RItRisRnotRcorrectRtoRsayR...RcommunitiesRinRwhichRtheyRlive.




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