Samenvatting
SOCIOLINGUÏSTIEK
Fien Gilias
,Inhoudstafel
1 – Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Varianten, Variëteiten en varia,e ............................................................................................................... 4
Defini,e ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Coördina)eprobleem ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Ontstaan........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 – Landmarks Labov ....................................................................................................................... 7
Wie is Labov? ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Martha’s Vineyard ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Welke klankveranderingen bestudeert hij? ..................................................................................................................... 7
Welk materiaal verzamelde hij? ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Hoe varia)e meten........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Factoren die varia)e beïnvloeden .................................................................................................................................... 9
Interpreta)e ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Kri)ek ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
New York City ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Methode ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Resultaten ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Kri)ek ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Aanslui)ng bij de /r/ in het Nederlands ......................................................................................................................... 13
3 – Evolu;e in varia;oneel onderzoek ............................................................................................ 14
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Ingrediënten van varia,oneel onderzoek ................................................................................................. 14
Vernacular ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Pres)ge .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Stra)fica)e ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Taalgemeenschap ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Dataverzameling ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
De variabele en de variabele context ............................................................................................................................. 18
De kwan)ta)eve methode ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Drie golven in varia,oneel onderzoek ...................................................................................................... 21
Recente evolu)es: laboratory sociolinguis)cs ............................................................................................................... 22
4 – Regionaal & Sociaal dialect ...................................................................................................... 24
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Sociaal dialect .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Tussentaal in Vlaanderen ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Case study & methodes uit corpuslinguïs)ek ................................................................................................................ 26
Regionaal dialect ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Dialectologie als vertrekpunt voor sociolinguïs)ek ....................................................................................................... 29
Regionale verschillen meten .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Zwaartekrachtmodel van regionale varia)e................................................................................................................... 30
1
,5 – Gastles: Sociolinguïs;sche varia;e in gebarentaal.................................................................... 31
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Intersprekervaria,e.................................................................................................................................. 33
Regionale varia)e ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
Lee_ijdvaria)e ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
Gendervaria)e ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
Etnische varia)e ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Talige achtergrond.......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Intrasprekervaria,e.................................................................................................................................. 35
Standaardisering ...................................................................................................................................... 35
Korte samenvaQng .................................................................................................................................. 35
6 – Resultaten mini-onderzoek 1 .................................................................................................... 36
7 – Gastles: taalcontact en taalpoli;ek in Oostenrijk ...................................................................... 37
De taalsitua,e in Oostenrijk ..................................................................................................................... 37
De taalsitua,e in Karinthië ....................................................................................................................... 37
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Taalcontact Duits-Sloveens ............................................................................................................................................ 38
De posi)e van het Sloveens in Karinthië ........................................................................................................................ 38
Historische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................................ 39
8 – Context en publiek .................................................................................................................... 41
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 41
Context beïnvloedt s,jl ............................................................................................................................ 41
Informele context: online geschreven ~ new vernacular ............................................................................................... 41
Interac)e tussen sociale klasse en s)jl: hypercorrec)e ................................................................................................. 43
Publiek als onderdeel van context beïnvloedt s,jl .................................................................................... 44
Relevan)e van zowel publiek als context ....................................................................................................................... 44
9 – Publiek beïnvloedt s;jl: audience design .................................................................................. 45
Lee_ijd ........................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Taalcompeten,e ...................................................................................................................................... 46
Taalgebruik aanpassen aan competen6e van computers ............................................................................................... 46
Ook aanpassen van non-verbaal gedrag ......................................................................................................................... 47
Eigen onderzoek ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Taalcompeten,es en tussentaal ............................................................................................................... 49
Doelgroep ................................................................................................................................................ 50
Accommoda,e ......................................................................................................................................... 52
10 – AStudes ................................................................................................................................ 56
Wat zijn aQtudes ..................................................................................................................................... 56
Hoe meet je aQtudes ............................................................................................................................... 56
Societal treatment.......................................................................................................................................................... 56
2
, Directe methodes........................................................................................................................................................... 57
Indirecte methodes ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
11 – Student research with Klagenfurt Tussentaal in commercial adver;sements .......................... 64
Resultaten Leuven .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Resultaten Klagenfurt..................................................................................................................................................... 66
3
SOCIOLINGUÏSTIEK
Fien Gilias
,Inhoudstafel
1 – Inleiding ..................................................................................................................................... 4
Varianten, Variëteiten en varia,e ............................................................................................................... 4
Defini,e ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Coördina)eprobleem ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
Ontstaan........................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 – Landmarks Labov ....................................................................................................................... 7
Wie is Labov? ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Martha’s Vineyard ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Welke klankveranderingen bestudeert hij? ..................................................................................................................... 7
Welk materiaal verzamelde hij? ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Hoe varia)e meten........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Factoren die varia)e beïnvloeden .................................................................................................................................... 9
Interpreta)e ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Kri)ek ............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
New York City ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Methode ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11
Resultaten ...................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Conclusie ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
Kri)ek ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13
Aanslui)ng bij de /r/ in het Nederlands ......................................................................................................................... 13
3 – Evolu;e in varia;oneel onderzoek ............................................................................................ 14
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Ingrediënten van varia,oneel onderzoek ................................................................................................. 14
Vernacular ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Pres)ge .......................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Stra)fica)e ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
Taalgemeenschap ........................................................................................................................................................... 16
Dataverzameling ............................................................................................................................................................ 17
De variabele en de variabele context ............................................................................................................................. 18
De kwan)ta)eve methode ............................................................................................................................................. 19
Drie golven in varia,oneel onderzoek ...................................................................................................... 21
Recente evolu)es: laboratory sociolinguis)cs ............................................................................................................... 22
4 – Regionaal & Sociaal dialect ...................................................................................................... 24
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 24
Sociaal dialect .......................................................................................................................................... 24
Tussentaal in Vlaanderen ............................................................................................................................................... 24
Case study & methodes uit corpuslinguïs)ek ................................................................................................................ 26
Regionaal dialect ...................................................................................................................................... 29
Dialectologie als vertrekpunt voor sociolinguïs)ek ....................................................................................................... 29
Regionale verschillen meten .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Zwaartekrachtmodel van regionale varia)e................................................................................................................... 30
1
,5 – Gastles: Sociolinguïs;sche varia;e in gebarentaal.................................................................... 31
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Intersprekervaria,e.................................................................................................................................. 33
Regionale varia)e ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
Lee_ijdvaria)e ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
Gendervaria)e ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
Etnische varia)e ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Talige achtergrond.......................................................................................................................................................... 34
Intrasprekervaria,e.................................................................................................................................. 35
Standaardisering ...................................................................................................................................... 35
Korte samenvaQng .................................................................................................................................. 35
6 – Resultaten mini-onderzoek 1 .................................................................................................... 36
7 – Gastles: taalcontact en taalpoli;ek in Oostenrijk ...................................................................... 37
De taalsitua,e in Oostenrijk ..................................................................................................................... 37
De taalsitua,e in Karinthië ....................................................................................................................... 37
Inleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Taalcontact Duits-Sloveens ............................................................................................................................................ 38
De posi)e van het Sloveens in Karinthië ........................................................................................................................ 38
Historische ontwikkeling ................................................................................................................................................ 39
8 – Context en publiek .................................................................................................................... 41
Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 41
Context beïnvloedt s,jl ............................................................................................................................ 41
Informele context: online geschreven ~ new vernacular ............................................................................................... 41
Interac)e tussen sociale klasse en s)jl: hypercorrec)e ................................................................................................. 43
Publiek als onderdeel van context beïnvloedt s,jl .................................................................................... 44
Relevan)e van zowel publiek als context ....................................................................................................................... 44
9 – Publiek beïnvloedt s;jl: audience design .................................................................................. 45
Lee_ijd ........................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Taalcompeten,e ...................................................................................................................................... 46
Taalgebruik aanpassen aan competen6e van computers ............................................................................................... 46
Ook aanpassen van non-verbaal gedrag ......................................................................................................................... 47
Eigen onderzoek ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Taalcompeten,es en tussentaal ............................................................................................................... 49
Doelgroep ................................................................................................................................................ 50
Accommoda,e ......................................................................................................................................... 52
10 – AStudes ................................................................................................................................ 56
Wat zijn aQtudes ..................................................................................................................................... 56
Hoe meet je aQtudes ............................................................................................................................... 56
Societal treatment.......................................................................................................................................................... 56
2
, Directe methodes........................................................................................................................................................... 57
Indirecte methodes ........................................................................................................................................................ 59
11 – Student research with Klagenfurt Tussentaal in commercial adver;sements .......................... 64
Resultaten Leuven .......................................................................................................................................................... 65
Resultaten Klagenfurt..................................................................................................................................................... 66
3
