NR565 / NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
Final Exam - Chamberlain
100% Guarantee Pass
1. What is most important for the filtration process?
Answer
Blood hydrostatic pressure
2. What are the functions of the kidney?
Answer
Sodium/water removal, waste removal, hormone production
3. What is acute renal failure?
Answer
sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness, Injury, drug, Or toxin that
stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
4. What is chronic Renal failure?
Answer
Jo
sh
A long slow process where the kidney looses its ability to function, it occurs in
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1/5
,different stages
5. What is end stage renal disease?
Answer
Irreversible loss of kidney function
6. What are the types of ARF?
Answer
Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
7. What is the most common cause of ARF?
Answer
Pre renal
8. What happens when pre Renal is not treated?
Answer
It can turn into intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage inside
9. What is pre-renal failure?
Answer
When the damage is before the kidneys due to decreased blood flow from
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volume depletion or hypoperfusion
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2/5
,10. Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion
Answer
Too many diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
11. Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure
Answer
Decreased blood flow means decreased GFR, decreased GFR means
decreased renal blood flow, then de- creased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin
secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
12. What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Answer
It is where
the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia
happens
13. What enzyme is obtained from the kidney?
Answer
Erythropoieten
14. angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do?
Answer
Jo
sh
It is made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
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3/5
,15. If creatinine is elevated....
Answer
GFR is decreased
16. What is intra Renal failure
Answer
Its the damage that has occurred inside the kidney due to
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
->DM
TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
17. What is the most common intra Renal failure?
Answer
Tubular
18. What is post-renal failure?
Jo
Answer
sh
ua
4/5
, Obstruction located after the kidneys, most often
a consequence from urinary obstruction
19. examples of post renal failure?
Answer
BPH, Kidney stones
Bladder stones
Obstructed catheter
Tumors/ cancer ( bladder, ureters, prostate)
20. What is used to diagnose polynephritis? And complicated polynephritis?-
Answer
Urine culture, urinalysis, signs and symptoms;
Urinary tract imaging and blood cultures (if patient is not doing well)
21. What can indicate polynephritis. In a urinalysis?
Answer
WBC casts indicate polynephritis but not always present in the UA
22. Renal calculi is what kind of acute Renal failure?
Answer
Post Renal failure
Jo
sh
23. What are the goals of treatment for Renal calculi?
ua
5/5
Final Exam - Chamberlain
100% Guarantee Pass
1. What is most important for the filtration process?
Answer
Blood hydrostatic pressure
2. What are the functions of the kidney?
Answer
Sodium/water removal, waste removal, hormone production
3. What is acute renal failure?
Answer
sudden loss of kidney function due to an illness, Injury, drug, Or toxin that
stresses the kidneys. ARF can be reversible
4. What is chronic Renal failure?
Answer
Jo
sh
A long slow process where the kidney looses its ability to function, it occurs in
ua
1/5
,different stages
5. What is end stage renal disease?
Answer
Irreversible loss of kidney function
6. What are the types of ARF?
Answer
Prerenal, intravenal, post renal
7. What is the most common cause of ARF?
Answer
Pre renal
8. What happens when pre Renal is not treated?
Answer
It can turn into intrinsic/ intrarenal and damage inside
9. What is pre-renal failure?
Answer
When the damage is before the kidneys due to decreased blood flow from
Jo
volume depletion or hypoperfusion
sh
ua
2/5
,10. Give examples of volume depletion and hypoperfusion
Answer
Too many diuretics, vomiting and diarrhea, hemorrhage;
Decreased cardiac output due to hf and artheroschlerosis
11. Explain pathophysiology of pre renal failure
Answer
Decreased blood flow means decreased GFR, decreased GFR means
decreased renal blood flow, then de- creased GFR activates RAAS. Angiotensin
secretes aldosterone which increases BP volume
12. What is significant about the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Answer
It is where
the least blood flow occurs, rhe most damage occurs in the PCT when ischemia
happens
13. What enzyme is obtained from the kidney?
Answer
Erythropoieten
14. angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is made where? What does it do?
Answer
Jo
sh
It is made in the lungs; to activate angiotensin 1 in the kidneys.
ua
3/5
,15. If creatinine is elevated....
Answer
GFR is decreased
16. What is intra Renal failure
Answer
Its the damage that has occurred inside the kidney due to
->Glomerulonephritis
->Rhabdomylosis
->Contrast dye
->Drugs/meds
->HTN (uncontrolled HTN)
->DM
TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
17. What is the most common intra Renal failure?
Answer
Tubular
18. What is post-renal failure?
Jo
Answer
sh
ua
4/5
, Obstruction located after the kidneys, most often
a consequence from urinary obstruction
19. examples of post renal failure?
Answer
BPH, Kidney stones
Bladder stones
Obstructed catheter
Tumors/ cancer ( bladder, ureters, prostate)
20. What is used to diagnose polynephritis? And complicated polynephritis?-
Answer
Urine culture, urinalysis, signs and symptoms;
Urinary tract imaging and blood cultures (if patient is not doing well)
21. What can indicate polynephritis. In a urinalysis?
Answer
WBC casts indicate polynephritis but not always present in the UA
22. Renal calculi is what kind of acute Renal failure?
Answer
Post Renal failure
Jo
sh
23. What are the goals of treatment for Renal calculi?
ua
5/5
