Anti-Infectives
- Before starting an antibiotic regime we need to collect a culture and sensitivity (to see
what medication is appropriate to treat the patient)
- Excessive use or stopping too early, increase risk of superinfection and resistance,
decreasing effectiveness
- Take complete full course (to kill bacteria and prevent resistance)
- Pt on birth control = need backup regime
- DO NOT TAKE FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS
Antibacterials - inhibits bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganisms
Antibiotics - chemicals produce by one kid of microorganisms to inhibit bacterial growth or
kill
Bacteriostatic - inhibit growth of bacterial
Bactericidal - kill bacteria
Antibiotics - chemical produced by one of a kind microorganisms to inhibit growth or kill
bacteria
Bacteriostatic - Inhibit growth of bacteria
Bactericidal - kill bacteria
Misuse
- Take for viral infections
- Take when no bacterial infection is present
- Skipping doses
- Misuse = increase resistance
- Cross resistance = occur between antibacterial with another similar action
Narrow spectrum - effective against one bacteria type
Broad spectrum - effective against gram positive and negative. Used when offending
microorganisms has not been identified by C&S
,Penicillin
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Penicillin G, Una-syn, Uni-pen
Action: inhibit wall synthesis; causes bacterial to die
Use: strep throat, syphilis, meningitis (gram positive bacteria)
Others: gonorrhea, UTI, pneumonia, peritonitis, septicemia
Side effects: N, V, diarrhea (let doctor know and don't treat with otc7yhgn drugs), allergic
reactions
Adverse reactions: GI distress, oral/vaginal candidiasis , generalized rash, anaphylaxis
Contraindications: Allergies to penicillin and cephalosporins
Nursing Interventions: Check allergies (before administration)
Cautious: renal impairment , aminoglycoside interactions
Education -
1. Take with 8 oz water
2. Take on empty stomach for BEST absorption (avoid upset stomach or sickness)
3. Take full course medication
4. Take as prescribed (if take a 9:00 then take it at same time to avoid resistance)
5. Back up oral contraceptives (bc they are less effective with this medication)
6. If diarrhea occurs later doctor DO NOT TAKE OTC DRUGS
Cephalosporins
Works just like penicillin
Names: Cephalexin,Cefoxitin cefotaxime, cefepime, cefalexin
Action : inhibit wall synthesis (like penicillin)
Use: treat gram positive and negative bacteria (broad spectrum antibiotic)
Side effects: allergic reactions (if allergic to penicillin then you are likely to be allergic to
cephalosporins)
Contraindications: allergy to penicillin and renal failure
Nursing Interventions: check allergies
Interactions - NSAIDS, thrombolytics, anticoagulants, antiplate drugs
Education:
1. Do not drink alcohol with this medication (encourage and educate) - makes sick (disulfiram
like reaction, make them sick as a dog - flushing, dizziness, headaches , nausea, vomiting
and muscular cramp)
2. Take on a EMPTY STOMACH
3. Develop white patches if use too long if so notify HCP
4. Oral and vaginal candidiasis may occur
, Aminoglycosides
Drug
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Use - serious infections caused by gram negative organisms (if penicillin contraindication for
allergic you'll use this)
Action - integers with protein synthesis in bacteria
Side effects - ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity , oliguria, N, V, diarrhea, pruritus, urticaria, tremors
Contraindications - kidney disease,liver disease and hearing loss
Nursing implications -
1. Check allergies
2. Monitor input and output
3. Monitor BUN/ Creatinine
4. Peak and trough levels
a. Peak - 1 ½ after administration (blood work)
b. Trough - maximum 30 mins prior to the next dose or right before you do the dose
c. Kidney and kidney
Educations-
1. Take on empty stomach for good absorption
2. Complete course of treatment
Tetracycline
Drugs`
Vibramycin , Terramycin, and tetracycline
Use - gram negative and positive bacteria
Action - inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria
Side effects - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity (liver)
Watch for: diarrhea, photosensitivity, heartburn, epigastric discomfort
Contraindications -
1. Do not use during pregnancy
2. Do not use if child is under age 8
Education
1. Take with full glass of water
2. Take on empty stomach
3. Avoid exposure to sunlight while on medication
4. Do not take with dairy products (bc it messes with absorption. If need they should take it
two hours before or 3 hours after medication)
5. Long term uses - discolored teeth
6. Risk of superinfection
7. Back up method of oral contraceptives
- Before starting an antibiotic regime we need to collect a culture and sensitivity (to see
what medication is appropriate to treat the patient)
- Excessive use or stopping too early, increase risk of superinfection and resistance,
decreasing effectiveness
- Take complete full course (to kill bacteria and prevent resistance)
- Pt on birth control = need backup regime
- DO NOT TAKE FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS
Antibacterials - inhibits bacterial growth or kill bacteria and other microorganisms
Antibiotics - chemicals produce by one kid of microorganisms to inhibit bacterial growth or
kill
Bacteriostatic - inhibit growth of bacterial
Bactericidal - kill bacteria
Antibiotics - chemical produced by one of a kind microorganisms to inhibit growth or kill
bacteria
Bacteriostatic - Inhibit growth of bacteria
Bactericidal - kill bacteria
Misuse
- Take for viral infections
- Take when no bacterial infection is present
- Skipping doses
- Misuse = increase resistance
- Cross resistance = occur between antibacterial with another similar action
Narrow spectrum - effective against one bacteria type
Broad spectrum - effective against gram positive and negative. Used when offending
microorganisms has not been identified by C&S
,Penicillin
Bacteriostatic or bactericidal
Penicillin G, Una-syn, Uni-pen
Action: inhibit wall synthesis; causes bacterial to die
Use: strep throat, syphilis, meningitis (gram positive bacteria)
Others: gonorrhea, UTI, pneumonia, peritonitis, septicemia
Side effects: N, V, diarrhea (let doctor know and don't treat with otc7yhgn drugs), allergic
reactions
Adverse reactions: GI distress, oral/vaginal candidiasis , generalized rash, anaphylaxis
Contraindications: Allergies to penicillin and cephalosporins
Nursing Interventions: Check allergies (before administration)
Cautious: renal impairment , aminoglycoside interactions
Education -
1. Take with 8 oz water
2. Take on empty stomach for BEST absorption (avoid upset stomach or sickness)
3. Take full course medication
4. Take as prescribed (if take a 9:00 then take it at same time to avoid resistance)
5. Back up oral contraceptives (bc they are less effective with this medication)
6. If diarrhea occurs later doctor DO NOT TAKE OTC DRUGS
Cephalosporins
Works just like penicillin
Names: Cephalexin,Cefoxitin cefotaxime, cefepime, cefalexin
Action : inhibit wall synthesis (like penicillin)
Use: treat gram positive and negative bacteria (broad spectrum antibiotic)
Side effects: allergic reactions (if allergic to penicillin then you are likely to be allergic to
cephalosporins)
Contraindications: allergy to penicillin and renal failure
Nursing Interventions: check allergies
Interactions - NSAIDS, thrombolytics, anticoagulants, antiplate drugs
Education:
1. Do not drink alcohol with this medication (encourage and educate) - makes sick (disulfiram
like reaction, make them sick as a dog - flushing, dizziness, headaches , nausea, vomiting
and muscular cramp)
2. Take on a EMPTY STOMACH
3. Develop white patches if use too long if so notify HCP
4. Oral and vaginal candidiasis may occur
, Aminoglycosides
Drug
Gentamicin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Use - serious infections caused by gram negative organisms (if penicillin contraindication for
allergic you'll use this)
Action - integers with protein synthesis in bacteria
Side effects - ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity , oliguria, N, V, diarrhea, pruritus, urticaria, tremors
Contraindications - kidney disease,liver disease and hearing loss
Nursing implications -
1. Check allergies
2. Monitor input and output
3. Monitor BUN/ Creatinine
4. Peak and trough levels
a. Peak - 1 ½ after administration (blood work)
b. Trough - maximum 30 mins prior to the next dose or right before you do the dose
c. Kidney and kidney
Educations-
1. Take on empty stomach for good absorption
2. Complete course of treatment
Tetracycline
Drugs`
Vibramycin , Terramycin, and tetracycline
Use - gram negative and positive bacteria
Action - inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria
Side effects - nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatotoxicity (liver)
Watch for: diarrhea, photosensitivity, heartburn, epigastric discomfort
Contraindications -
1. Do not use during pregnancy
2. Do not use if child is under age 8
Education
1. Take with full glass of water
2. Take on empty stomach
3. Avoid exposure to sunlight while on medication
4. Do not take with dairy products (bc it messes with absorption. If need they should take it
two hours before or 3 hours after medication)
5. Long term uses - discolored teeth
6. Risk of superinfection
7. Back up method of oral contraceptives
