Midterm Patho 370 Exam With questions and answers.

Midterm Patho 370 Exam With questions and
answers


1. Acid-Base Homeostasis and Imbalances jl jl jl




pH:If blood or other body fluids become too acidic or too alkalotic, dysfunction and death
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can occur
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Death can occur if jl jl jl




pH falls below 6.9
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pH rises above 7.8
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Maintenance of acid-base balance reflects homeostatic functions of normal cellular jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




metabolism
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2. PaCO2 (Arterial Blood) jl jl




Adults & Infants: 36-44 mmHg (adults) jl jl jl jl jl




30-34 mmHg (infants) jl jl




3. HCO 3 - (Serum) jl jl jl




Adults & Infants: 22-26 mRq/L (adults) jl jl jl jl jl




19-23 mRq/L (infants) jl jl




4. pH (Arterial Blood) jl jl




Adults,Neonates,& Infants:7.35-7.45 (adults) jl jl jl jl jl




jl 7.11-7.36 (neonates) jl




7.36-7.41 (infants) jl




5. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) jl jl jl




pH Indicators:Are useful indicators of acid-base status of extracellular fluids.
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PaCO2:lung(respiratory)function HCO3: jl jl jl jl




renal (metabolic) function
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Net result of normal acid-base regulation Any
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dysfunction of pH regulation
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,Body's compensatory responses
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Does not reflect pH inside the cell or cerebrospinal fluid
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6. What are the 3 major mechanisms that regulate acid-base statuses of the
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body?: Buffers
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Respiratory System jl




Renal System
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, 7. What is the 1st line of defense? jl jl jl jl jl jl




What chemicals help control pH of body fluids?:Buffer System First
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line of defense against pH changes in all body fluids.
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Base:bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) takes up hydrogen when fluid is too acidic
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Weakacid:carbonicacid(H2CO3)releasehydrogenionswhenafluidistooalkaline
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8. What are the 4 types of Buffers?:Bicarbonate buffers jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Phosphate buffers
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Hemoglobinbuffers jl




Protein buffers
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9. What is the Primary Defense against acid-base disorders?:Bicarbonate
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Buffer System
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Most Important buffer in extracellular fluid (ECF)
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Compents
H2O + CO‚ H2CO3 Hz + HCO3- jl jl jl j l jl jl




10. Respiratory Contribution:PaCO2 level jl jl jl




Indicates how effectively the respiratory system is excreting carbonic acid Respiratory
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response
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The lungs can excrete only carbonic acid;they cannot excrete nonvolatile acids
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Lactic acid and acetoacetic acid:nonvolatile acids
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Metabolic response (compensatory)
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11. What is the Respiratory Acidosis Response?:Stimulus - Increased PaCO2;
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Decreased pH
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RR - Hnyperventilation
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Result - Correction of imbalance jl jl jl jl




12. WhatistheRespiratoryAlkalosisResponse?: Stimulus-DecreasedPaCO2; jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl jl




Increased pH
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RR - Hypoventilation
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Result - Correction of imbalance jl jl jl jl




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