Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 7
How many bones does the skull have? - ANS - 22
\two major parts of the Skeletal system - ANS - Axial and appendicular
\Skeletal system facts - ANS - composed of bones, cartilages, joints and ligaments; 20% of
body mass
\Axial Skeleton - ANS - consists of 80 bones; 3 major regions skull, vertebral column, and
thoracic cage
\2 types of Skull bones - ANS - Cranial bones and facial bones
\cranial fossa in the base - ANS - anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae
\Anterior cranial fossa - ANS - Frontal lobes
\Middle cranial fossa - ANS - temporal and lateral lobes
\Posterior cranial fossa - ANS - cerebellum
\Concha - ANS - very vascular, they warm the air as you breathe
\Inferior nasal concha - ANS - a standalone bone
\vomer - ANS - lowest part of the nasal septum. It is separate from the ethmoid. plow shaped
\Mandibular condyle - ANS - the joint for the jaw; has the fossa as well
\four sutures in the cranium - ANS - Squamous suture, Coronal suture, Lambdoid suture,
saggital suture
\Squamous suture - ANS - separates the temporal bone from the parietal
\Coronal suture - ANS - separates the frontal from the parietal
\Lambdoid suture - ANS - separates the parietal and occipital
\saggital suture - ANS - separates the left and right parietal bone
\Frontal sinus - ANS - hollow chamber filled with air lined with mucous membrane and open to
the outside. it makes your skull lighter and your voice more pleasant
\Sinusitis - ANS - inflammation of sinuses because of infection
\christa galli - ANS - "cock's comb" part of the ethmoid bone. It separates the two frontal lobes of
the brain
\How many named openings are there in the cranium - ANS - 85
\sella turcia - ANS - "turk's saddle" it protects the pituitary gland, which is the body's gland
master
\Four bones that have perinasal sinuses - ANS - (cranium) Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and
maxilla
\Foramen magnum - ANS - the largest foramen in the skull
\external occipital protuberance - ANS - knot on back of head
\bones of the hard palate - ANS - 4 bone; maxilla (palatine process), Maxilla, Palatine
(horizontal plate) and Palatine
\Cribriform foramina - ANS - olfactory, sense of smell
\How many cranial bones? - ANS - 8; frontal bones, parietal bones (2), occipital bones,
Temporal bones (2), sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone
\What does the occipital bone articulate with? - ANS - 1st vertebrae
\4 major regions of temporal bones - ANS - Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous
, \Mastoiditis - ANS - Inflammation of the mastoid process when it becomes infected
\Sphenoid bone - ANS - Bat or butterfly shaped; keystone bone; Greater wing, lesser wing, and
pterygoid process
\ethmoid bone - ANS - Deepest skull bone; superior part of nasal septum and roof of nasal
cavities; contributes to the medial wall or orbits; christa galli for dural attachment
\How many facial bones? - ANS - 14; mandible, maxillary (2), Zygomatic, Nasal, Lacrimal (2),
Palatine (2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae (2)
\Muscles in neck - ANS - you have a TON of muscles in your neck. They attach to your hyoid
bone
\Hyoid bone - ANS - Sesamoid bone imbedded in neck muscles. Adds stability to the neck .
forensic effect: When one is strangled or throat is sliced, it usually breaks. movable base for
tongue. site of attachment for swallowing and speech
\Mandible - ANS - lower jaw, largest strongest bone of the face, temporomandibular joint. The
only freely moveable joint in skull
\Maxillary - ANS - medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton.
Keystone bones, and maxillary sinuses
\Keystone bones - ANS - articulates with all other facial bones except mandible
\Zygomatic bones - ANS - Cheekbones, inferolateral margins of orbits
\lacrimal fossa - ANS - houses lacrimal sac (tear duct)
\How many bones in the orbits - ANS - 7; frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine,
lacrimal, and ethmoid
\How many bones in the nasal cavity - ANS - 4; ethmoid, palatine, maxillary, inferior nasal
conchae
\Nasal septum bones - ANS - 3; perpendicular plate of eithmoid, vomer, anterior septal cartilage
\Vertebral column - ANS - Transmits weight of trunk to lower limb, surrounds and protects spinal
cord, 5 major regions with 26 irregular bones in adults, 33 in infants
\Cervical vertebrae - ANS - 7; c1-c7: Concave
\Thoracic vertebrae - ANS - 12; t1-t12: Convex
\Lumbar vertebrae - ANS - 5; l1-l5: concave; help us walk upright
\Sacral vertebrae - ANS - 5; vertebrae are fused in adults: convex
\Coccyx - ANS - 4; fused vertebrae in adults
\Scoliosis - ANS - Lateral curvature of the spine; more common in females
\Kyphosis - ANS - hunchback
\Lorodosis - ANS - Swayback, can be exaggerated by pregnancy or "beer" belly
\ligaments found from neck to sacrum - ANS - Anterior and posterior longitudal ligaments
\Ligaments that connect adjacent vertebrae - ANS - Ligamentum flavum
\Ligaments that connect each vertebrae to those above an below - ANS - Short ligaments
\Nucleus Pulposis - ANS - inner gelatinous nucleus, gives disc its elasticity and compressibility
\Anulus Fibrosis - ANS - outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage
\General structure of vertebrae - ANS - body or centrum, vertebral arch, vertebral
foramina(vertebral canal), in vertebral foramina (lateral openings for spinal nerves)
\Herniated disc - ANS - herniation occurs when the annulus fibrosis is thinned and broken and
the nucleus pulposis pushes against the spinal cord
\What cervical vertebrae turns the neck - ANS - Atlas
How many bones does the skull have? - ANS - 22
\two major parts of the Skeletal system - ANS - Axial and appendicular
\Skeletal system facts - ANS - composed of bones, cartilages, joints and ligaments; 20% of
body mass
\Axial Skeleton - ANS - consists of 80 bones; 3 major regions skull, vertebral column, and
thoracic cage
\2 types of Skull bones - ANS - Cranial bones and facial bones
\cranial fossa in the base - ANS - anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae
\Anterior cranial fossa - ANS - Frontal lobes
\Middle cranial fossa - ANS - temporal and lateral lobes
\Posterior cranial fossa - ANS - cerebellum
\Concha - ANS - very vascular, they warm the air as you breathe
\Inferior nasal concha - ANS - a standalone bone
\vomer - ANS - lowest part of the nasal septum. It is separate from the ethmoid. plow shaped
\Mandibular condyle - ANS - the joint for the jaw; has the fossa as well
\four sutures in the cranium - ANS - Squamous suture, Coronal suture, Lambdoid suture,
saggital suture
\Squamous suture - ANS - separates the temporal bone from the parietal
\Coronal suture - ANS - separates the frontal from the parietal
\Lambdoid suture - ANS - separates the parietal and occipital
\saggital suture - ANS - separates the left and right parietal bone
\Frontal sinus - ANS - hollow chamber filled with air lined with mucous membrane and open to
the outside. it makes your skull lighter and your voice more pleasant
\Sinusitis - ANS - inflammation of sinuses because of infection
\christa galli - ANS - "cock's comb" part of the ethmoid bone. It separates the two frontal lobes of
the brain
\How many named openings are there in the cranium - ANS - 85
\sella turcia - ANS - "turk's saddle" it protects the pituitary gland, which is the body's gland
master
\Four bones that have perinasal sinuses - ANS - (cranium) Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and
maxilla
\Foramen magnum - ANS - the largest foramen in the skull
\external occipital protuberance - ANS - knot on back of head
\bones of the hard palate - ANS - 4 bone; maxilla (palatine process), Maxilla, Palatine
(horizontal plate) and Palatine
\Cribriform foramina - ANS - olfactory, sense of smell
\How many cranial bones? - ANS - 8; frontal bones, parietal bones (2), occipital bones,
Temporal bones (2), sphenoid bone, ethmoid bone
\What does the occipital bone articulate with? - ANS - 1st vertebrae
\4 major regions of temporal bones - ANS - Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous
, \Mastoiditis - ANS - Inflammation of the mastoid process when it becomes infected
\Sphenoid bone - ANS - Bat or butterfly shaped; keystone bone; Greater wing, lesser wing, and
pterygoid process
\ethmoid bone - ANS - Deepest skull bone; superior part of nasal septum and roof of nasal
cavities; contributes to the medial wall or orbits; christa galli for dural attachment
\How many facial bones? - ANS - 14; mandible, maxillary (2), Zygomatic, Nasal, Lacrimal (2),
Palatine (2), vomer, inferior nasal conchae (2)
\Muscles in neck - ANS - you have a TON of muscles in your neck. They attach to your hyoid
bone
\Hyoid bone - ANS - Sesamoid bone imbedded in neck muscles. Adds stability to the neck .
forensic effect: When one is strangled or throat is sliced, it usually breaks. movable base for
tongue. site of attachment for swallowing and speech
\Mandible - ANS - lower jaw, largest strongest bone of the face, temporomandibular joint. The
only freely moveable joint in skull
\Maxillary - ANS - medially fused to form upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton.
Keystone bones, and maxillary sinuses
\Keystone bones - ANS - articulates with all other facial bones except mandible
\Zygomatic bones - ANS - Cheekbones, inferolateral margins of orbits
\lacrimal fossa - ANS - houses lacrimal sac (tear duct)
\How many bones in the orbits - ANS - 7; frontal, sphenoid, zygomatic, maxilla, palatine,
lacrimal, and ethmoid
\How many bones in the nasal cavity - ANS - 4; ethmoid, palatine, maxillary, inferior nasal
conchae
\Nasal septum bones - ANS - 3; perpendicular plate of eithmoid, vomer, anterior septal cartilage
\Vertebral column - ANS - Transmits weight of trunk to lower limb, surrounds and protects spinal
cord, 5 major regions with 26 irregular bones in adults, 33 in infants
\Cervical vertebrae - ANS - 7; c1-c7: Concave
\Thoracic vertebrae - ANS - 12; t1-t12: Convex
\Lumbar vertebrae - ANS - 5; l1-l5: concave; help us walk upright
\Sacral vertebrae - ANS - 5; vertebrae are fused in adults: convex
\Coccyx - ANS - 4; fused vertebrae in adults
\Scoliosis - ANS - Lateral curvature of the spine; more common in females
\Kyphosis - ANS - hunchback
\Lorodosis - ANS - Swayback, can be exaggerated by pregnancy or "beer" belly
\ligaments found from neck to sacrum - ANS - Anterior and posterior longitudal ligaments
\Ligaments that connect adjacent vertebrae - ANS - Ligamentum flavum
\Ligaments that connect each vertebrae to those above an below - ANS - Short ligaments
\Nucleus Pulposis - ANS - inner gelatinous nucleus, gives disc its elasticity and compressibility
\Anulus Fibrosis - ANS - outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage
\General structure of vertebrae - ANS - body or centrum, vertebral arch, vertebral
foramina(vertebral canal), in vertebral foramina (lateral openings for spinal nerves)
\Herniated disc - ANS - herniation occurs when the annulus fibrosis is thinned and broken and
the nucleus pulposis pushes against the spinal cord
\What cervical vertebrae turns the neck - ANS - Atlas
