Anatomy and Physiology
Lab 3: The Cell: Anatomy and Division
Anatomy of the Composite Cell
all animal cells have 3 major regions: nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm
Nucleus
contains the genetic material, DNA (genes)
control center of the cell, responsible for cell production
CHROMATIN: loosely dispersed threadlike genetic material within the nucleus.
CHROMOSOME: chromatic coils that exists during the process of division
NUCLEOLI: small spherical bodies that comprises of proteins and ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE: a double - layered porous membrane that covers nucleus
NUCLEAR PORES: passages for protein and RNA
Plasma Membrane
PLASMA MEMBRANE: separates cell contents from the surrounding environment
made of phospholipids (fat) and globular protein molecules
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY: allows only certain things to go through
MICROVILLI: tiny fingerlike projections that increase surface area of the cell
Cytoplasm and Organelles
cytoplasm consists of the cell contents between the nucleus and plasma membrane
CYTOSOL: the fluid cytoplasmic material
ORGANELLES: mini structures suspended within cytosol that carry our specific
instructions within cell
, Anatomy of a Cell
Nucleus Nuclear Envelope
Chromatin
Nucleus Pores
Nucleolus
Plasma Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytosol
Mitochondrial
Lysosome
Centrioles
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Centrosome Matrix
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Microvilli
Microfillament
Microtubule Secretion being released by
Intermediate filaments exocytosis
Cytoskeleton Peroxisome
Organelle Location and Function
Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein; floating free or attached to a
Ribosomes
membranous structure in cytoplasm. Actual sites of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Membranes system of tubes that extends throughout. Rough Er - Studded with
Reticulum ribosomes, provides storage and transport proteins. Smooth Er - site of steriod and
(ER) lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification
Golgi Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles. Packages
Apparatus lysosomal enzymes and protein.
Lysosomes Various-sized membranous sacs Containing digestre enzymes; function to digest
worn out organelles and foriegn substances. Suicide Sac
Peroxisome Small lysosomes like membranous Sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify
alcohol and harmful Chemicals. Abundant in liver.
Mitochondria General rod-shaped bodies with a double-membrane wall; inner membrane is shape
into folds; contain enzymes that oxide foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP)
Lab 3: The Cell: Anatomy and Division
Anatomy of the Composite Cell
all animal cells have 3 major regions: nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm
Nucleus
contains the genetic material, DNA (genes)
control center of the cell, responsible for cell production
CHROMATIN: loosely dispersed threadlike genetic material within the nucleus.
CHROMOSOME: chromatic coils that exists during the process of division
NUCLEOLI: small spherical bodies that comprises of proteins and ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE: a double - layered porous membrane that covers nucleus
NUCLEAR PORES: passages for protein and RNA
Plasma Membrane
PLASMA MEMBRANE: separates cell contents from the surrounding environment
made of phospholipids (fat) and globular protein molecules
SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY: allows only certain things to go through
MICROVILLI: tiny fingerlike projections that increase surface area of the cell
Cytoplasm and Organelles
cytoplasm consists of the cell contents between the nucleus and plasma membrane
CYTOSOL: the fluid cytoplasmic material
ORGANELLES: mini structures suspended within cytosol that carry our specific
instructions within cell
, Anatomy of a Cell
Nucleus Nuclear Envelope
Chromatin
Nucleus Pores
Nucleolus
Plasma Membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytosol
Mitochondrial
Lysosome
Centrioles
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Centrosome Matrix
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Microvilli
Microfillament
Microtubule Secretion being released by
Intermediate filaments exocytosis
Cytoskeleton Peroxisome
Organelle Location and Function
Tiny spherical bodies composed of RNA and protein; floating free or attached to a
Ribosomes
membranous structure in cytoplasm. Actual sites of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Membranes system of tubes that extends throughout. Rough Er - Studded with
Reticulum ribosomes, provides storage and transport proteins. Smooth Er - site of steriod and
(ER) lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification
Golgi Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles. Packages
Apparatus lysosomal enzymes and protein.
Lysosomes Various-sized membranous sacs Containing digestre enzymes; function to digest
worn out organelles and foriegn substances. Suicide Sac
Peroxisome Small lysosomes like membranous Sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify
alcohol and harmful Chemicals. Abundant in liver.
Mitochondria General rod-shaped bodies with a double-membrane wall; inner membrane is shape
into folds; contain enzymes that oxide foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP)
