Communication Research Methods Chapter 11 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Rated A+)

Communication Research Methods Chapter 11 Exam Questions and Correct Answers Latest Update 2024 (Rated A+) data analysis - Answers The process of examining what data mean to researchers. statistical data analysis - Answers The process of examining what quantitative data mean to researchers. descriptive statistical data analysis - Answers Statistical data-analytic procedures used to construct simple descriptions about the characteristics of a set of quantitative data, including (a) numerical indicators that summarize the data, called summary statistics; (b) converting raw scores into what are called standard scores; and (c) constructing visual displays of data. inferential statistical data analysis - Answers Statistical data analytic procedures used for estimation and significance testing. summary statistic - Answers A numerical indicator that best summarizes the data set. measures of central tendency (representative values) - Answers Measures the describe the center point of a distribution of quantitative data. mode - Answers A measure of central tendency that indicates which score or value in a distribution occurs most frequently. antimode - Answers The score or value in a distribution that occurs the least. bimodal distribution - Answers A distribution of data that has two modes. unimodal distribution - Answers A distribution of data that has only one mode. multimodal distribution - Answers A distribution of data that has three or more modes. median - Answers A measure of central tendency that divides a distribution of quantitative data at the 50th percentile, or exactly in half; the core above which and below which half the observation fall. mean - Answers A measure of central tendency that is the arithmetic average, computed by adding all the scores in a distribution of interval/ratio data and dividing by the total number if scores. trimmed mean - Answers A procedure used when there are extreme scores that lead the mean to be an atypical or unrepresentative middle point, and involves removing the most extreme scores from the distribution. Winsorizing - Answers A procedure used where there are extreme scores that lead the mean to be an atypical or unrepresentative middle point that involves changing the most extreme scores to the next less extreme score. geometric mean - Answers An appropriate mean for measuring relative change. harmonic mean - Answers An appropriate mean when averaging rates. measures of dispersion (measures of variability) - Answers Measures that report how much scores on ordinal, interval, and ratio data vary from each other or how far they are spread around the center point of the data and across the distribution. variation ratio - Answers A measure of dispersion for nominal data that indicates the relative frequency of the nonmodal scores in a distribution (e.g., if the relative frequency of the modal score is .30, the variable ratio is .70). range (span) - Answers A measure of dispersion that reports the distance between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution. extreme values - Answers The lowest and highest scores in a distribution. lowspread - Answers The range of values between the median and the lowest value of a distribution. highspread - Answers The range of values between the median and the highest score of a distribution. interquartile range (quartile deviation, midspread) - Answers The range of scores between the 25th percentile (the point below which 25% of the scores fall) and the 75% percentile (the point above which 25% of the scores fall); the point in a distribution that divides the scores at the 25% and the 75% percentile is called a hinge (lower and upper hinge, respectively). semi-interquartile range - Answers The interquartile range divided in half. variance - Answers Any concept that can have two or more values. deviation score (deviate) - Answers The amount one score/value differs from the mean of its distribution. sum of squares (SS) - Answers The sum of the deviation scores for a distribution. Standard deviation - Answers A measure of dispersion that explains how much scores in a set of interval/ratio data vary from the mean, expressed in the original unit of measurement; found by taking the square root of the variance. standard score (standard normal deviates) - Answers Scores that report how many standard deviation units a particular score is above or below the mean of its distribution. transformed standard scores - Answers Transformations performed on standard scores (such as multiplying each z-score by 100 to eliminate the decimal point).