Bio 117 Exam 3: Bio 117 Hondros Exam 3 Study Guide
In a tube within a tube body plan, what is the interior tube derived from? - ANSWER:endoderm
Fungi spend most of their life feeding. Considering a typical mushroom, which is the longest lived
component of this life cycle? - ANSWER:The haploid mycelium
Why was the evolution of a coelom a critically important innovation for animals? - ANSWER:It enables
the internal organs to move independently of the outer tubes, or exterior of the animal
The basic bilaterian body form plan can be thought of as simply? - ANSWER:a tube within a tube
The fundamental reproductive cell produced by fungi is the? - ANSWER:spore
What is meant by the term somite? - ANSWER:A block of mesodermal tissue that gives rise to muscles,
bone, and skin
Propose an experiment to test the hypothesis that cells from only one region of a frog blastula form the
ectoderm. What results from this experiment would support this hypothesis? - ANSWER:Cells from a
variety of locations in many frog blastulas could be labeled with a dye. The position of these cells could
be assessed relative to the blastocoel, which is displaced to one side of the embryo. The descendants of
these labeled cells could be followed through stages of development. If cells from only one location
came to cover the outside of the embryo and contributed to structures normally formed by the
ectoderm, then the hypothesis would be supported.
Which of the following statements regarding animal development are correct? - ANSWER:The neural
tube forms after the ectoderm folds inward. Animals have three germ layers.
Which of the following is an example of homology (similarity due to common ancestry)? -
ANSWER:cnidocytes (stinging cells) in jellyfish and sea anemones
What synapomorphy (shared, derived trait) distinguishes animals as a monophyletic group, distinct from
choanoflagellates? - ANSWER:multicellularity
What happens during cleavage? - ANSWER:The cytoplasm of the zygote is divided into many different
cells called blastomeres. By the end of cleavage, the embryo is called a blastula, which is a ball of cells
surrounding a fluid-filled cavity called a blastocoel.
What happens during gastrulation? - ANSWER:the embryo is called a gastrula. In this stage, cells undergo
dramatic rearrangement, forming the embryonic germ layers and other structures, such as the
blastopore. Once gastrulation is complete, the major body axes of the embryo (anterior-posterior and
dorsal-ventral) are visible.
What happens during organogenesis? - ANSWER:the three embryonic germ layers develop into the
rudiments of organs. Structures such as the notochord, the neural tube, and somites form. Somite cells
undergo differentiation, giving rise to different body tissues and organs, including the skeleton, muscles,
and skin.
, Tissue and organ formation begins during the process of organogenesis.
Which five of the following statements are true about organogenesis in a frog embryo? - ANSWER:Some
somite cells migrate to other locations in the developing embryo. Somites form along the length of the
notochord and neural tube. The neural tube forms from the ectoderm and develops into the central
nervous system. The notochord does not persist in adult frogs. The endoderm gives rise to the lining of
the frog's digestive tract.
In sea urchins, the process of fertilization produces a(n)? - ANSWER:zygote
What is the cortical reaction? - ANSWER:the formation of a fertilization envelope that bars additional
sperm from entry into the egg
As cleavage continues, a zygote forms into a solid multicellular ball called a(n)? - ANSWER:morula
Several hours after fertilization, cleavage results in the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a? -
ANSWER:blastula
The three-layered embryo is the? - ANSWER:gastrula
The _____ eventually develops into the sea urchin's digestive tract. - ANSWER:archenteron
During gastrulation, invagination occurs at the _____. - ANSWER:blastopore
In vertebrates, the ectoderm gives rise to the? - ANSWER:outer layer of skin
During gastrulation in frogs, a rod of mesoderm under the dorsal surface forms the _____. -
ANSWER:notochord
During gastrulation in frogs, cells from the animal pole spread over the embryo and form the _____. -
ANSWER:ectoderm
The notochord functions as a core around which mesodermal cells form the frog's _____. -
ANSWER:backbone
An ectodermal thickening above the frog's notochord forms a _____. - ANSWER:neural plate
The _____ is(are) formed when the neural folds join and a portion of the neural plate sinks beneath the
embryo's surface. - ANSWER:neural tube
The enlarged anterior portion of the neural tube will develop into a frog's _____. - ANSWER:brain
The posterior portion of the neural tube will develop into the frog's _____. - ANSWER:spinal cord
In animal development, which of the following best describes the process of cleavage? - ANSWER:mitosis
What are the cells created by cleavage called? - ANSWER:blastomeres
Which of the following are the three germ layers contained in the gastrula? - ANSWER:Ectoderm,
mesoderm, endoderm
Which of the following stages of development is defined by the three embryonic tissue layers (ectoderm,
mesoderm, and endoderm)? - ANSWER:grastula
In a tube within a tube body plan, what is the interior tube derived from? - ANSWER:endoderm
Fungi spend most of their life feeding. Considering a typical mushroom, which is the longest lived
component of this life cycle? - ANSWER:The haploid mycelium
Why was the evolution of a coelom a critically important innovation for animals? - ANSWER:It enables
the internal organs to move independently of the outer tubes, or exterior of the animal
The basic bilaterian body form plan can be thought of as simply? - ANSWER:a tube within a tube
The fundamental reproductive cell produced by fungi is the? - ANSWER:spore
What is meant by the term somite? - ANSWER:A block of mesodermal tissue that gives rise to muscles,
bone, and skin
Propose an experiment to test the hypothesis that cells from only one region of a frog blastula form the
ectoderm. What results from this experiment would support this hypothesis? - ANSWER:Cells from a
variety of locations in many frog blastulas could be labeled with a dye. The position of these cells could
be assessed relative to the blastocoel, which is displaced to one side of the embryo. The descendants of
these labeled cells could be followed through stages of development. If cells from only one location
came to cover the outside of the embryo and contributed to structures normally formed by the
ectoderm, then the hypothesis would be supported.
Which of the following statements regarding animal development are correct? - ANSWER:The neural
tube forms after the ectoderm folds inward. Animals have three germ layers.
Which of the following is an example of homology (similarity due to common ancestry)? -
ANSWER:cnidocytes (stinging cells) in jellyfish and sea anemones
What synapomorphy (shared, derived trait) distinguishes animals as a monophyletic group, distinct from
choanoflagellates? - ANSWER:multicellularity
What happens during cleavage? - ANSWER:The cytoplasm of the zygote is divided into many different
cells called blastomeres. By the end of cleavage, the embryo is called a blastula, which is a ball of cells
surrounding a fluid-filled cavity called a blastocoel.
What happens during gastrulation? - ANSWER:the embryo is called a gastrula. In this stage, cells undergo
dramatic rearrangement, forming the embryonic germ layers and other structures, such as the
blastopore. Once gastrulation is complete, the major body axes of the embryo (anterior-posterior and
dorsal-ventral) are visible.
What happens during organogenesis? - ANSWER:the three embryonic germ layers develop into the
rudiments of organs. Structures such as the notochord, the neural tube, and somites form. Somite cells
undergo differentiation, giving rise to different body tissues and organs, including the skeleton, muscles,
and skin.
, Tissue and organ formation begins during the process of organogenesis.
Which five of the following statements are true about organogenesis in a frog embryo? - ANSWER:Some
somite cells migrate to other locations in the developing embryo. Somites form along the length of the
notochord and neural tube. The neural tube forms from the ectoderm and develops into the central
nervous system. The notochord does not persist in adult frogs. The endoderm gives rise to the lining of
the frog's digestive tract.
In sea urchins, the process of fertilization produces a(n)? - ANSWER:zygote
What is the cortical reaction? - ANSWER:the formation of a fertilization envelope that bars additional
sperm from entry into the egg
As cleavage continues, a zygote forms into a solid multicellular ball called a(n)? - ANSWER:morula
Several hours after fertilization, cleavage results in the formation of a hollow ball of cells called a? -
ANSWER:blastula
The three-layered embryo is the? - ANSWER:gastrula
The _____ eventually develops into the sea urchin's digestive tract. - ANSWER:archenteron
During gastrulation, invagination occurs at the _____. - ANSWER:blastopore
In vertebrates, the ectoderm gives rise to the? - ANSWER:outer layer of skin
During gastrulation in frogs, a rod of mesoderm under the dorsal surface forms the _____. -
ANSWER:notochord
During gastrulation in frogs, cells from the animal pole spread over the embryo and form the _____. -
ANSWER:ectoderm
The notochord functions as a core around which mesodermal cells form the frog's _____. -
ANSWER:backbone
An ectodermal thickening above the frog's notochord forms a _____. - ANSWER:neural plate
The _____ is(are) formed when the neural folds join and a portion of the neural plate sinks beneath the
embryo's surface. - ANSWER:neural tube
The enlarged anterior portion of the neural tube will develop into a frog's _____. - ANSWER:brain
The posterior portion of the neural tube will develop into the frog's _____. - ANSWER:spinal cord
In animal development, which of the following best describes the process of cleavage? - ANSWER:mitosis
What are the cells created by cleavage called? - ANSWER:blastomeres
Which of the following are the three germ layers contained in the gastrula? - ANSWER:Ectoderm,
mesoderm, endoderm
Which of the following stages of development is defined by the three embryonic tissue layers (ectoderm,
mesoderm, and endoderm)? - ANSWER:grastula
