NUR 354 Exam 2 Latest Version Already Passed

NUR 354 Exam 2 Latest Version Already Passed What is the primary action of insulin in the body? Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production and helps maintain blood sugar levels within a normal range. What are the common side effects of opioids? Common side effects of opioids include nausea, constipation, dizziness, drowsiness, and respiratory depression. What is the role of beta-blockers in managing hypertension? Beta-blockers reduce blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline, slowing the heart rate, and decreasing the force of heart contractions. How does the medication warfarin work in preventing blood clots? Warfarin is an anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, thereby reducing the blood's ability to clot. 2 What are the contraindications for using ACE inhibitors? ACE inhibitors should be avoided in patients with a history of angioedema, renal artery stenosis, or pregnancy, as they can cause harm to the fetus. What are the key nursing considerations for a patient on digoxin? Nurses should monitor the patient's heart rate, check for signs of digoxin toxicity (such as nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances), and ensure kidney function is stable. How do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) work to treat acid reflux? PPIs reduce stomach acid production by blocking the enzyme responsible for acid secretion, providing relief from symptoms of GERD and ulcers. What is the role of diuretics in managing heart failure? Diuretics help reduce fluid buildup by increasing urine output, thereby decreasing the workload on the heart and alleviating symptoms of heart failure. What should a nurse monitor in a patient receiving corticosteroids for inflammation? Nurses should monitor for signs of infection, changes in blood sugar levels, gastrointestinal irritation, and potential fluid retention when a patient is on corticosteroids. 3 How does lorazepam help in managing anxiety disorders? Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine that works by enhancing the effect of GABA, a neurotransmitter that has a calming effect on the brain, reducing anxiety and promoting relaxation. What is the mechanism of action of statins in lowering cholesterol levels? Statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, which is involved in cholesterol production in the liver, thus lowering LDL cholesterol and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. What are the side effects of taking an antibiotic like amoxicillin? Common side effects of amoxicillin include gastrointestinal upset (nausea, diarrhea), allergic reactions (rash, anaphylaxis), and potential interactions with other medications. What are the nursing considerations when administering nitroglycerin for chest pain? Nurses should monitor blood pressure and heart rate, watch for signs of hypotension, and ensure the patient is in a sitting or lying position to prevent dizziness or fainting. What is the purpose of administering a diuretic like furosemide to a patient with edema? 4 Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases urine output, helping to reduce fluid retention and alleviate symptoms of edema and congestive heart failure. What are the potential side effects of antihistamines like diphenhydramine? Antihistamines can cause drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and urinary retention, especially in older adults. How does the medication metformin help control blood sugar in diabetic patients? Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity, and enhances peripheral glucose uptake, helping to control blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes. What is the primary use of corticosteroids in asthma management? Corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the airways, helping to prevent asthma attacks and improve lung function in patients with asthma. What are the nursing interventions for a patient on lithium for bipolar disorder? Nurses should monitor lithium levels regularly, assess for signs of toxicity (such as tremors, confusion, and nausea), and encourage adequate hydration to prevent dehydration. 5 What is the role of warfarin in preventing strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation? Warfarin prevents the formation of blood clots by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, thus reducing the risk of stroke