ESC 100 3rd exam 2024 Questions &
Answers 100% Correct!!
What percentage of water is in oceans, ice sheets, and lakes and rivers? -
ANSWERSOceans: 96.5%/97.2%
Ice Sheets: 1.76%/2.15%
Lakes and rivers: 2%/0.65%
Evaporation - ANSWERSWater changes from a liquid into a gas
Infiltration - ANSWERSWater penetrates ground
Runoff - ANSWERSSurplus water flowing over the surface of the ground
Transpiration/evapotranspiration - ANSWERSWater absorbed into plants that is then
evaporated from the leaves
Hydrologic cycle - ANSWERSEvaporation from ocean and plants, to precipitation from
rainclouds, to runoff from streams and rivers.
There is balance
Single most erosional agent on Earth - ANSWERSMoving water
Roles streams play - ANSWERSErode, transport and deposit
Zone of erosion - ANSWERSZone of a stream where the river erodes the mountains
where it starts
Zone of transport - ANSWERSLong meandering zone of a river where eroded sediment
is transported downstream
Zone of deposition - ANSWERSZone o f a river where transported material is dropped
into the ocean to form a delta
Laminar flow - ANSWERSA predictable, usually straight-flowing body of water
Turbulent flow - ANSWERSUnpredictable, erratic flow of water
Water velocity of straight and curved streams - ANSWERSIn a straight channel, the
highest velocity is found in the middle.
In a curved channel, the highest velocity is slightly toward the outer curves of the
streams
, Three factors that determine the velocity of a stream? - ANSWERSGradient
Channel shape, size, and roughness
Discharge
Gradient - ANSWERSThe slope of a stream channel
Channel shape, size, and roughness - ANSWERSFactors that determine how smoothly
water can flow through the stream channel
Discharge - ANSWERSVolume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of
time.
It is not constant because it depends on the amount of water flowing into the river.
Formula for discharge - ANSWERSVolume of water/Time
Average width X Average height X velocity
World's largest river - ANSWERSAmazon River
Competence - ANSWERSThe biggest thing a stream can carry. Affected by velocity
Capactiy - ANSWERSThe total of everything a stream can carry. Affected by discharge
Three ways a stream transports material - ANSWERSDissolved
Suspended
Bed
Dissolved load - ANSWERSStream load in which minerals are dissolved and flow
wherever the stream flows
Suspended load - ANSWERSStream load in which particles like clay or sand float mid-
water. Streams carry most of their sediments this way
Bed load - ANSWERSStream load in which sediment moves by rolling, sliding, or
saltating (bouncing)
Where does the greatest erosion and transport of material take place? -
ANSWERSDuring floods
Two types of stream channels - ANSWERSBedrock channels
Alluvial channels
Bedrock channel - ANSWERSSteams cut rocks in these channels
Alluvial channels - ANSWERSBank or bed consisting of unconsolidated material
Two types of alluvial channels - ANSWERSMeandering
Answers 100% Correct!!
What percentage of water is in oceans, ice sheets, and lakes and rivers? -
ANSWERSOceans: 96.5%/97.2%
Ice Sheets: 1.76%/2.15%
Lakes and rivers: 2%/0.65%
Evaporation - ANSWERSWater changes from a liquid into a gas
Infiltration - ANSWERSWater penetrates ground
Runoff - ANSWERSSurplus water flowing over the surface of the ground
Transpiration/evapotranspiration - ANSWERSWater absorbed into plants that is then
evaporated from the leaves
Hydrologic cycle - ANSWERSEvaporation from ocean and plants, to precipitation from
rainclouds, to runoff from streams and rivers.
There is balance
Single most erosional agent on Earth - ANSWERSMoving water
Roles streams play - ANSWERSErode, transport and deposit
Zone of erosion - ANSWERSZone of a stream where the river erodes the mountains
where it starts
Zone of transport - ANSWERSLong meandering zone of a river where eroded sediment
is transported downstream
Zone of deposition - ANSWERSZone o f a river where transported material is dropped
into the ocean to form a delta
Laminar flow - ANSWERSA predictable, usually straight-flowing body of water
Turbulent flow - ANSWERSUnpredictable, erratic flow of water
Water velocity of straight and curved streams - ANSWERSIn a straight channel, the
highest velocity is found in the middle.
In a curved channel, the highest velocity is slightly toward the outer curves of the
streams
, Three factors that determine the velocity of a stream? - ANSWERSGradient
Channel shape, size, and roughness
Discharge
Gradient - ANSWERSThe slope of a stream channel
Channel shape, size, and roughness - ANSWERSFactors that determine how smoothly
water can flow through the stream channel
Discharge - ANSWERSVolume of water flowing past a certain point in a given unit of
time.
It is not constant because it depends on the amount of water flowing into the river.
Formula for discharge - ANSWERSVolume of water/Time
Average width X Average height X velocity
World's largest river - ANSWERSAmazon River
Competence - ANSWERSThe biggest thing a stream can carry. Affected by velocity
Capactiy - ANSWERSThe total of everything a stream can carry. Affected by discharge
Three ways a stream transports material - ANSWERSDissolved
Suspended
Bed
Dissolved load - ANSWERSStream load in which minerals are dissolved and flow
wherever the stream flows
Suspended load - ANSWERSStream load in which particles like clay or sand float mid-
water. Streams carry most of their sediments this way
Bed load - ANSWERSStream load in which sediment moves by rolling, sliding, or
saltating (bouncing)
Where does the greatest erosion and transport of material take place? -
ANSWERSDuring floods
Two types of stream channels - ANSWERSBedrock channels
Alluvial channels
Bedrock channel - ANSWERSSteams cut rocks in these channels
Alluvial channels - ANSWERSBank or bed consisting of unconsolidated material
Two types of alluvial channels - ANSWERSMeandering
