DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TOPIC 2: DIGESTIVE GLANDS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM TOPIC 2: DIGESTIVE GLANDS PLAN OF THE LESSON: - Anatomy of liver. - Gall bladder. - Pancreas. - Regions of anterior abdominal wall. - Peritoneum and topography of organs of digestive system in abdominal cavity. • Liver- considered the largest gland, it performs over 500 functions that influence several systems beside the digestive system. In regards to the digestive system it produces bile. A substance that emulsifies fat and makes it accessible to fat digesting enzymes. The liver is involved in balancing blood glucose levels, it responds to hormones, and clears toxins or drugs from the blood and makes blood proteins. • Gross anatomy- It is protected by the rib cage. It has a diaphragmatic surface and a visceral surface, the bare area is fused to the diaphragm. It has four lobes: right and left lobes that are divided by the falciform ligament, the caudate lobe, and the quadrate lobe. The posterior and inferior view also shows the round ligament (ligamentum teres) and the ligamentun venosum. The port heptis is also on this side. Major blood vessels, nerves, and ducts enter through the porta hepatis. Bile is carried from the liver by the right and left hepatic ducts that merge into the common hepatic duct that also connects to the cystic duct of the gall bladder. Bile reaches the small intestine through the common hepatic duct. Anterior View of liver (diaphramatic surface) Liver: external structure. Posterior View of Liver (Visceral side