2023-2024 HESI Pharmacology V1. Real
Exam Questions & Detailed Correct
Answers.
42.) A client with a peptic ulcer is diagnosed with a Helicobacter pylori
infection. The nurse is reinforcing teaching for the client about the
medications prescribed, including clarithromycin (Biaxin), esomeprazole
(Nexium), and amoxicillin (Amoxil). Which statement by the client indicates
the best understanding of the medication regimen?
1. "My ulcer will heal because these medications will kill the bacteria."
2. "These medications are only taken when I have pain from my ulcer."
3. "The medications will kill the bacteria and stop the acid production."
4. "These medications will coat the ulcer and decrease the acid production
in my stomach." - ANS3. "The medications will kill the bacteria and stop the
acid production."
Rationale:
Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection usually includes two
antibacterial drugs and a proton pump inhibitor. Clarithromycin and
amoxicillin are antibacterials. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor.
These medications will kill the bacteria and decrease acid production.
57.) A nurse is monitoring a client who is taking propranolol (Inderal LA).
Which data collection finding would indicate a potential serious
complication associated with propranolol?
1. The development of complaints of insomnia
pg. 1
,2. The development of audible expiratory wheezes
3. A baseline blood pressure of 150/80 mm Hg followed by a blood
pressure of 138/72 mm Hg after two doses of the medication
4. A baseline resting heart rate of 88 beats/min followed by a resting heart
rate of 72 beats/min after two doses of the medication - ANS2. The
development of audible expiratory wheezes
Rationale:
Audible expiratory wheezes may indicate a serious adverse reaction,
bronchospasm. β- Blockers may induce this reaction, particularly in clients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Normal decreases
in blood pressure and heart rate are expected. Insomnia is a frequent mild
side effect and should be monitored.
A client has a prescription to take guaifenesin (Humibid) every 4 hours, as
needed. The nurse determines that the client understands the most
effective use of this medication if the client states that he or she will:
1. Watch for irritability as a side effect.
2. Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
3. Take an extra dose if the cough is accompanied by fever.
4. Crush the sustained-release tablet if immediate relief is needed. - ANS2.
Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
Rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be taken with a full glass of water
to decrease viscosity of secretions. Sustained-release preparations should
not be broken open, crushed, or chewed. The medication may occasionally
pg. 2
,cause dizziness, headache, or drowsiness as side effects. The client
should contact the health care provider if the cough lasts longer than 1
week or is accompanied by fever, rash, sore throat, or persistent headache.
A client has been started on long-term therapy with rifampin (Rifadin). A
nurse teaches the client that the medication:
1. Should always be taken with food or antacids
2. Should be double-dosed if one dose is forgotten
3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
4. May be discontinued independently if symptoms are gone in 3 months -
ANS3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
Rationale:
Rifampin should be taken exactly as directed as part of TB therapy. Doses
should not be doubled or skipped. The client should not stop therapy until
directed to do so by a health care provider. The medication should be
administered on an empty stomach unless it causes gastrointestinal upset,
and then it may be taken with food. Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken
at least 1 hour before the medication. Rifampin causes orange-red
discoloration of body secretions and will permanently stain soft contact
lenses.
A client has been taking isoniazid (INH) for 2 months. The client complains
to a nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling in the extremities.
The nurse interprets that the client is experiencing:
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Peripheral neuritis
pg. 3
, 3. Small blood vessel spasm
4. Impaired peripheral circulation - ANS2. Peripheral neuritis
Rationale:A common side effect of the TB drug INH is peripheral neuritis.
This is manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesia in the
extremities. This side effect can be minimized by pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
intake. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
A client is diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction and is receiving
tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase (Activase, tPA). Which action is a
priority nursing intervention?
1. Monitor for renal failure.
2. Monitor psychosocial status.
3. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
4. Have heparin sodium available. - ANS3. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
Rationale:
Tissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic. Hemorrhage is a
complication of any type of thrombolytic medication. The client is monitored
for bleeding. Monitoring for renal failure and monitoring the client's
psychosocial status are important but are not the most critical interventions.
Heparin is given after thrombolytic therapy, but the question is not asking
about follow-up medications.
A client is on nicotinic acid (niacin) for hyperlipidemia and the nurse
provides instructions to the client about the medication. Which statement by
the client would indicate an understanding of the instructions?
pg. 4
Exam Questions & Detailed Correct
Answers.
42.) A client with a peptic ulcer is diagnosed with a Helicobacter pylori
infection. The nurse is reinforcing teaching for the client about the
medications prescribed, including clarithromycin (Biaxin), esomeprazole
(Nexium), and amoxicillin (Amoxil). Which statement by the client indicates
the best understanding of the medication regimen?
1. "My ulcer will heal because these medications will kill the bacteria."
2. "These medications are only taken when I have pain from my ulcer."
3. "The medications will kill the bacteria and stop the acid production."
4. "These medications will coat the ulcer and decrease the acid production
in my stomach." - ANS3. "The medications will kill the bacteria and stop the
acid production."
Rationale:
Triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection usually includes two
antibacterial drugs and a proton pump inhibitor. Clarithromycin and
amoxicillin are antibacterials. Esomeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor.
These medications will kill the bacteria and decrease acid production.
57.) A nurse is monitoring a client who is taking propranolol (Inderal LA).
Which data collection finding would indicate a potential serious
complication associated with propranolol?
1. The development of complaints of insomnia
pg. 1
,2. The development of audible expiratory wheezes
3. A baseline blood pressure of 150/80 mm Hg followed by a blood
pressure of 138/72 mm Hg after two doses of the medication
4. A baseline resting heart rate of 88 beats/min followed by a resting heart
rate of 72 beats/min after two doses of the medication - ANS2. The
development of audible expiratory wheezes
Rationale:
Audible expiratory wheezes may indicate a serious adverse reaction,
bronchospasm. β- Blockers may induce this reaction, particularly in clients
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Normal decreases
in blood pressure and heart rate are expected. Insomnia is a frequent mild
side effect and should be monitored.
A client has a prescription to take guaifenesin (Humibid) every 4 hours, as
needed. The nurse determines that the client understands the most
effective use of this medication if the client states that he or she will:
1. Watch for irritability as a side effect.
2. Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
3. Take an extra dose if the cough is accompanied by fever.
4. Crush the sustained-release tablet if immediate relief is needed. - ANS2.
Take the tablet with a full glass of water.
Rationale:
Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be taken with a full glass of water
to decrease viscosity of secretions. Sustained-release preparations should
not be broken open, crushed, or chewed. The medication may occasionally
pg. 2
,cause dizziness, headache, or drowsiness as side effects. The client
should contact the health care provider if the cough lasts longer than 1
week or is accompanied by fever, rash, sore throat, or persistent headache.
A client has been started on long-term therapy with rifampin (Rifadin). A
nurse teaches the client that the medication:
1. Should always be taken with food or antacids
2. Should be double-dosed if one dose is forgotten
3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
4. May be discontinued independently if symptoms are gone in 3 months -
ANS3. Causes orange discoloration of sweat, tears, urine, and feces
Rationale:
Rifampin should be taken exactly as directed as part of TB therapy. Doses
should not be doubled or skipped. The client should not stop therapy until
directed to do so by a health care provider. The medication should be
administered on an empty stomach unless it causes gastrointestinal upset,
and then it may be taken with food. Antacids, if prescribed, should be taken
at least 1 hour before the medication. Rifampin causes orange-red
discoloration of body secretions and will permanently stain soft contact
lenses.
A client has been taking isoniazid (INH) for 2 months. The client complains
to a nurse about numbness, paresthesias, and tingling in the extremities.
The nurse interprets that the client is experiencing:
1. Hypercalcemia
2. Peripheral neuritis
pg. 3
, 3. Small blood vessel spasm
4. Impaired peripheral circulation - ANS2. Peripheral neuritis
Rationale:A common side effect of the TB drug INH is peripheral neuritis.
This is manifested by numbness, tingling, and paresthesia in the
extremities. This side effect can be minimized by pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
intake. Options 1, 3, and 4 are incorrect.
A client is diagnosed with an acute myocardial infarction and is receiving
tissue plasminogen activator, alteplase (Activase, tPA). Which action is a
priority nursing intervention?
1. Monitor for renal failure.
2. Monitor psychosocial status.
3. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
4. Have heparin sodium available. - ANS3. Monitor for signs of bleeding.
Rationale:
Tissue plasminogen activator is a thrombolytic. Hemorrhage is a
complication of any type of thrombolytic medication. The client is monitored
for bleeding. Monitoring for renal failure and monitoring the client's
psychosocial status are important but are not the most critical interventions.
Heparin is given after thrombolytic therapy, but the question is not asking
about follow-up medications.
A client is on nicotinic acid (niacin) for hyperlipidemia and the nurse
provides instructions to the client about the medication. Which statement by
the client would indicate an understanding of the instructions?
pg. 4
