RADIATION SAFETY PART 2 EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Workload (W - Answer-Found total typical workloads W:
- Radiographic Rooms: 277 mA·min/wk
- Chest Rooms: 45 mA·min/wk
- Cardiac Angio Rooms: 3050 mA·min/wk
Nuclear Regulatory Commission/ NRC/ USNRC - Answer-Started as the Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC) in 1946, then further empowered by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
By 1974, the AEC had come under attack & Congress abolished the AEC, and created
the NRC in January, 1975
Today, the NRC's is focused on - Answer-nuclear materials security, nuclear reactor
safety, nuclear materials safety and licensing for a variety of purposes, and waste
management of both high and low level radioactive waste.
-NRC has direct oversight on non-agreement states.
Agreement vs. Non-Agreement States
NRC allows states - Answer-nuclear regulatory authority under the Atomic Energy Act of
1954, where the NRC relinquishes authority to license & regulate byproduct materials
(radioisotopes); source materials (uranium and thorium); and certain quantities of
special nuclear materials.
what is a non agreement state? - Answer-montana
idaho
wyoming
south dakota
missouri
alaska
hawaii
michigan
west virginia
delware
conneticutt
washington D.C
Regulations - Answer-www.NRC.gov
-CFR = Code of Federal Regulations
-10CFR Part 19 - Notices, instructions and reports to workers: inspection and
investigations.
-10CFR Part 20 - Standards for protection against radiation.
, - 10CFR Part 35 - Medical use of byproduct material.
Example of an NRC regulations
35.61 Calibration of survey instruments. - Answer-(a) A licensee shall calibrate the
survey instruments used to show compliance with this part and 10 CFR Part 20 before
first use, annually, and following a repair that affects the calibration. A licensee shall--
(1) Calibrate all scales with readings up to 10 mSv (1000 mrem) per hour with a
radiation source;
(2) Calibrate two separated readings on each scale or decade that will be used to show
compliance; and
(3) Conspicuously note on the instrument the date of calibration. -(b) A licensee may
not use survey instruments if the difference between the indicated exposure rate and
the calculated exposure rate is more than 20 percent.
-(c) A licensee shall retain a record of each survey instrument calibration in accordance
with § 35.2061.
Significant Enforcement Examples NRC
On August 8, 2013, the NRC issued a Severity Level III for the failure to implement its
written procedure to provide high confidence that an administration was performed in
accordance with the written directive as required by 10 CFR 35.41. Specifically, the site
implanted a patient with 63 palladium-103 seeds to deliver a dose of 125 Gy; however,
16 of the 63 prescribed palladium-103 seeds were implanted outside the planned
treatment area. The site did not identify the delivered dose was +20% the prescribed
dose. This failure to identify the medical event is a second violation. - Answer-October
28, 2013, the NRC order prohibiting Mr. X to work with NRC licensed activities. The
NRC determined Mr. X attempted to recruit staff to assist him in an armored car
robbery. However, prior to executing the armored car robbery, Mr. X was apprehended
by police for hijacking a car at gunpoint, released on bail and fled the country, he was
caught, found guilty of aggravated vehicular hijacking and sentenced to a 40-year prison
term. This enforcement action is necessary to provide the NRC with reasonable
assurance that the protection of public health and safety will not be compromised by Mr.
Buhrman's involvement in NRC-licensed activities
Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) - Answer-agency of the United States
Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive
departments. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through
the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements,
prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines,
biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation,
cosmetics, emitting devices (ERED), and veterinary products.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
-The EPA oversees Protection of Land, Air, Water, Endangered Species and Hazardous
Material (including Radiation Protection). - Answer--EPA has following seven (7) groups
of projects to protect public from nuclear contamination.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Workload (W - Answer-Found total typical workloads W:
- Radiographic Rooms: 277 mA·min/wk
- Chest Rooms: 45 mA·min/wk
- Cardiac Angio Rooms: 3050 mA·min/wk
Nuclear Regulatory Commission/ NRC/ USNRC - Answer-Started as the Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC) in 1946, then further empowered by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954.
By 1974, the AEC had come under attack & Congress abolished the AEC, and created
the NRC in January, 1975
Today, the NRC's is focused on - Answer-nuclear materials security, nuclear reactor
safety, nuclear materials safety and licensing for a variety of purposes, and waste
management of both high and low level radioactive waste.
-NRC has direct oversight on non-agreement states.
Agreement vs. Non-Agreement States
NRC allows states - Answer-nuclear regulatory authority under the Atomic Energy Act of
1954, where the NRC relinquishes authority to license & regulate byproduct materials
(radioisotopes); source materials (uranium and thorium); and certain quantities of
special nuclear materials.
what is a non agreement state? - Answer-montana
idaho
wyoming
south dakota
missouri
alaska
hawaii
michigan
west virginia
delware
conneticutt
washington D.C
Regulations - Answer-www.NRC.gov
-CFR = Code of Federal Regulations
-10CFR Part 19 - Notices, instructions and reports to workers: inspection and
investigations.
-10CFR Part 20 - Standards for protection against radiation.
, - 10CFR Part 35 - Medical use of byproduct material.
Example of an NRC regulations
35.61 Calibration of survey instruments. - Answer-(a) A licensee shall calibrate the
survey instruments used to show compliance with this part and 10 CFR Part 20 before
first use, annually, and following a repair that affects the calibration. A licensee shall--
(1) Calibrate all scales with readings up to 10 mSv (1000 mrem) per hour with a
radiation source;
(2) Calibrate two separated readings on each scale or decade that will be used to show
compliance; and
(3) Conspicuously note on the instrument the date of calibration. -(b) A licensee may
not use survey instruments if the difference between the indicated exposure rate and
the calculated exposure rate is more than 20 percent.
-(c) A licensee shall retain a record of each survey instrument calibration in accordance
with § 35.2061.
Significant Enforcement Examples NRC
On August 8, 2013, the NRC issued a Severity Level III for the failure to implement its
written procedure to provide high confidence that an administration was performed in
accordance with the written directive as required by 10 CFR 35.41. Specifically, the site
implanted a patient with 63 palladium-103 seeds to deliver a dose of 125 Gy; however,
16 of the 63 prescribed palladium-103 seeds were implanted outside the planned
treatment area. The site did not identify the delivered dose was +20% the prescribed
dose. This failure to identify the medical event is a second violation. - Answer-October
28, 2013, the NRC order prohibiting Mr. X to work with NRC licensed activities. The
NRC determined Mr. X attempted to recruit staff to assist him in an armored car
robbery. However, prior to executing the armored car robbery, Mr. X was apprehended
by police for hijacking a car at gunpoint, released on bail and fled the country, he was
caught, found guilty of aggravated vehicular hijacking and sentenced to a 40-year prison
term. This enforcement action is necessary to provide the NRC with reasonable
assurance that the protection of public health and safety will not be compromised by Mr.
Buhrman's involvement in NRC-licensed activities
Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) - Answer-agency of the United States
Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive
departments. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through
the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements,
prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines,
biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation,
cosmetics, emitting devices (ERED), and veterinary products.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
-The EPA oversees Protection of Land, Air, Water, Endangered Species and Hazardous
Material (including Radiation Protection). - Answer--EPA has following seven (7) groups
of projects to protect public from nuclear contamination.
