EXAM 1 HCC QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2024 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Symptoms/signs ffof ffpediculosis ffcapitis ff- ffAnswer ffWhite ffspecs ffon ffhair, ffitching
ffscalp
Parts ffof ffbody ffmost ffat ffrisk fffor ffskin ffbreakdown ff- ffAnswer ffWhere ffskin ffis
ffstretched, ffcompressed
Pressure ffpoints, fftailbone, ffheels, ffelbows, ffankle, ffhips, fffemur ff(bed ffsores)
Lab ffvalues ffindicative ffof ffinfection ff- ffAnswer ff
Lab ffvalues ffindicative ffof ffnutritional ffdeficits ff- ffAnswer ff-put ffpatients ffat ffrisk ffimpaired
fftissue ffintegrity
Recommended ffdietary ffnutrients fffor ffpatients ffwith ffwounds ffor ffpressure ffulcers ff-
ffAnswer ffProtein, ffvitamins ffA ffC ffE, ffhigh ffcalorie
Factors ffthat ffpredispose ffpatients ffor ffincrease ffthe ffrisk fffor ffcompromised ffskin
ffintegrity ff- ffAnswer ff
Patient ffcare ffmeasures ffto ffreduce ffthe ffrisk ffof ffskin ffbreakdown ff- ffAnswer ff-keep
ffclean/dry
-manage ffincontinence ff
-don't ffmassage ffskin
-ph ffappropriate ffskin ffcleanser
Factors ffthat ffcan ffput ffpatients ffat ffrisk fffor ffimpaired ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffAge,
ffbody fftype, ffnutritional ffstatus, ffimmunosuppression, ffdisease
first ffintention ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffopen ffwounds ffare ffclosed ffsurgically ffwith
ffsutures ffor ffstaples
second ffintention ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffgranulation ffoccurs ffin ffinfected ffwounds
ffor ffwounds ffw/ ffedges ffnot ffapproximated; ffpack ffw/ ffmoist ffsterile ffdressing ff& ffcover
ffw/ ffdry ffsterile ffdressing
, third ffintention ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffhealing ffof ffa ffwound ffthat ffhas ffalready
ffformed ffgranulation fftissue ffand ffundergone ffsecondary ffclosure
inflammatory ffwound ffhealing ffphase ff2 ff- ffAnswer ff-vasoconstriction
-clot ffformation
-hemostasis
-phagocytosis ffof ffmicroorganisms
Proliferation ff(wound ffhealing) ff3 ff- ffAnswer ffWound ffis ffrebuilt ffwith ffnew ffgranulation
fftissue ffmade ffup ffof ffcollagen ffand ffextracellular ffmatrix.
Stages ffof ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffhemostasis, ffinflammation, ffproliferation,
ffcontraction, ffremodeling
Hemostasis ffPhase ff1 ff- ffAnswer ffBlood ffclotting ffbegins ffwithin ffminutes ffof ffinjury,
ffplatelets ffstick ffto ffinjured ffsite, ffrelease ffchemical ffto ffpromote fffurther ffclotting ffand
ffactivation ffof fffibrin, ffwhich ffforms ffmesh ffand ff"plugs" ffopening.
contraction ffin ffwound ffhealing ff4 ff- ffAnswer ffStretching ffof ffdermis ffwithout ffcellular
ffproliferation
stage ffone ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer ffpersistent ffredness; ffskin ffis ffintact ffwith ffvisible,
ffnon ffblanchable ffredness ffover ffa fflocalized ffarea, fftypically ffover ffbony ffprominence;
ffchanges ffin ffskin fftemperature, fftissue ffconsistency ffand ffsensation ff(pain, ffitching)
Stage ffto ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer ff- ffinvolves ffthe ffdermis ffwith ffpartial ffthickness
ffloss ffwhich ffpresents ffas ffshallow ffopen ffulcer ffthat ffcan ffbe ffshiny ffor ffdry; ffcan ffalso
ffpresent ffas ffa ffblister ffthat ffis ffintact ffor ffopen/ruptured; ffwound ffbed ffis ffred ffpink ffcolor
ffwithout ffslough ffor ffbruising
stage ffthree ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer fffull ffthickness fftissue ffloss ffwith ffsubcutaneous
fffat ffpossibly ffvisible; ffbone, fftendon ffor ffmuscle ffare ffnot ffexposed ffor ffdirectly ffpalpable
Stage fffour ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer fffull ffthickness fftissue ffloss ffwith ffbone, fftendon,
ffor ffmuscle ffvisible
jaundice ff- ffAnswer ffyellowing ffof ffthe ffskin ffand ffthe ffwhites ffof ffthe ffeyes ffcaused ffby
ffan ffaccumulation ffof ffbile ffpigment ff(bilirubin) ffin ffthe ffblood
erythema ff- ffAnswer ffredness ffof ffthe ffskin ffdue ffto ffcapillary ffdilation
cyanosis ff- ffAnswer ffa ffbluish ffdiscoloration ffof ffthe ffskin ffresulting fffrom ffpoor
ffcirculation ffor ffinadequate ffoxygenation ffof ffthe ffblood.
ANSWERS 2024 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
Symptoms/signs ffof ffpediculosis ffcapitis ff- ffAnswer ffWhite ffspecs ffon ffhair, ffitching
ffscalp
Parts ffof ffbody ffmost ffat ffrisk fffor ffskin ffbreakdown ff- ffAnswer ffWhere ffskin ffis
ffstretched, ffcompressed
Pressure ffpoints, fftailbone, ffheels, ffelbows, ffankle, ffhips, fffemur ff(bed ffsores)
Lab ffvalues ffindicative ffof ffinfection ff- ffAnswer ff
Lab ffvalues ffindicative ffof ffnutritional ffdeficits ff- ffAnswer ff-put ffpatients ffat ffrisk ffimpaired
fftissue ffintegrity
Recommended ffdietary ffnutrients fffor ffpatients ffwith ffwounds ffor ffpressure ffulcers ff-
ffAnswer ffProtein, ffvitamins ffA ffC ffE, ffhigh ffcalorie
Factors ffthat ffpredispose ffpatients ffor ffincrease ffthe ffrisk fffor ffcompromised ffskin
ffintegrity ff- ffAnswer ff
Patient ffcare ffmeasures ffto ffreduce ffthe ffrisk ffof ffskin ffbreakdown ff- ffAnswer ff-keep
ffclean/dry
-manage ffincontinence ff
-don't ffmassage ffskin
-ph ffappropriate ffskin ffcleanser
Factors ffthat ffcan ffput ffpatients ffat ffrisk fffor ffimpaired ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffAge,
ffbody fftype, ffnutritional ffstatus, ffimmunosuppression, ffdisease
first ffintention ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffopen ffwounds ffare ffclosed ffsurgically ffwith
ffsutures ffor ffstaples
second ffintention ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffgranulation ffoccurs ffin ffinfected ffwounds
ffor ffwounds ffw/ ffedges ffnot ffapproximated; ffpack ffw/ ffmoist ffsterile ffdressing ff& ffcover
ffw/ ffdry ffsterile ffdressing
, third ffintention ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffhealing ffof ffa ffwound ffthat ffhas ffalready
ffformed ffgranulation fftissue ffand ffundergone ffsecondary ffclosure
inflammatory ffwound ffhealing ffphase ff2 ff- ffAnswer ff-vasoconstriction
-clot ffformation
-hemostasis
-phagocytosis ffof ffmicroorganisms
Proliferation ff(wound ffhealing) ff3 ff- ffAnswer ffWound ffis ffrebuilt ffwith ffnew ffgranulation
fftissue ffmade ffup ffof ffcollagen ffand ffextracellular ffmatrix.
Stages ffof ffwound ffhealing ff- ffAnswer ffhemostasis, ffinflammation, ffproliferation,
ffcontraction, ffremodeling
Hemostasis ffPhase ff1 ff- ffAnswer ffBlood ffclotting ffbegins ffwithin ffminutes ffof ffinjury,
ffplatelets ffstick ffto ffinjured ffsite, ffrelease ffchemical ffto ffpromote fffurther ffclotting ffand
ffactivation ffof fffibrin, ffwhich ffforms ffmesh ffand ff"plugs" ffopening.
contraction ffin ffwound ffhealing ff4 ff- ffAnswer ffStretching ffof ffdermis ffwithout ffcellular
ffproliferation
stage ffone ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer ffpersistent ffredness; ffskin ffis ffintact ffwith ffvisible,
ffnon ffblanchable ffredness ffover ffa fflocalized ffarea, fftypically ffover ffbony ffprominence;
ffchanges ffin ffskin fftemperature, fftissue ffconsistency ffand ffsensation ff(pain, ffitching)
Stage ffto ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer ff- ffinvolves ffthe ffdermis ffwith ffpartial ffthickness
ffloss ffwhich ffpresents ffas ffshallow ffopen ffulcer ffthat ffcan ffbe ffshiny ffor ffdry; ffcan ffalso
ffpresent ffas ffa ffblister ffthat ffis ffintact ffor ffopen/ruptured; ffwound ffbed ffis ffred ffpink ffcolor
ffwithout ffslough ffor ffbruising
stage ffthree ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer fffull ffthickness fftissue ffloss ffwith ffsubcutaneous
fffat ffpossibly ffvisible; ffbone, fftendon ffor ffmuscle ffare ffnot ffexposed ffor ffdirectly ffpalpable
Stage fffour ffpressure ffulcer ff- ffAnswer fffull ffthickness fftissue ffloss ffwith ffbone, fftendon,
ffor ffmuscle ffvisible
jaundice ff- ffAnswer ffyellowing ffof ffthe ffskin ffand ffthe ffwhites ffof ffthe ffeyes ffcaused ffby
ffan ffaccumulation ffof ffbile ffpigment ff(bilirubin) ffin ffthe ffblood
erythema ff- ffAnswer ffredness ffof ffthe ffskin ffdue ffto ffcapillary ffdilation
cyanosis ff- ffAnswer ffa ffbluish ffdiscoloration ffof ffthe ffskin ffresulting fffrom ffpoor
ffcirculation ffor ffinadequate ffoxygenation ffof ffthe ffblood.
