Nu570 Midterm Review Questions and
Answers Latest Version | 2024/2025 |
Already Passed
What changes occur in the respiratory system with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)?
✔✔ COPD leads to chronic inflammation, airway narrowing, and alveolar destruction, impairing
gas exchange.
Describe the relationship between insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
✔✔ Insulin resistance makes cells less responsive to insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels
and eventual beta-cell dysfunction.
How does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) contribute to hypertension?
✔✔ RAAS increases blood pressure by promoting sodium retention, fluid retention, and
vasoconstriction.
What are the primary goals when managing a patient with chronic heart failure?
✔✔ Improve cardiac output, reduce symptoms, prevent fluid overload, and minimize hospital
admissions.
1
,How does chronic kidney disease (CKD) affect electrolyte balance?
✔✔ CKD disrupts electrolyte regulation, often resulting in hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis,
and fluid retention.
What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
✔✔ ACE inhibitors may cause a persistent cough, hyperkalemia, low blood pressure, and, in rare
cases, angioedema.
Explain how beta-blockers are beneficial in treating hypertension and angina.
✔✔ Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and contractility, lowering blood pressure and myocardial
oxygen demand, which relieves angina.
How does aging impact drug metabolism in elderly patients?
✔✔ Age-related declines in liver and kidney function slow drug metabolism and excretion,
increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions.
What symptoms distinguish right-sided from left-sided heart failure?
2
, ✔✔ Right-sided heart failure often presents with peripheral edema and abdominal bloating,
while left-sided heart failure involves shortness of breath and fluid in the lungs.
Describe the physiological effects of long-term hyperglycemia on the cardiovascular system.
✔✔ Chronic high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels, increase plaque buildup, and elevate
the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
What nursing interventions help reduce the risk of polypharmacy in elderly patients?
✔✔ Regular medication reviews, monitoring for adverse effects, and simplifying medication
regimens help reduce polypharmacy risks.
How does inflammation contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?
✔✔ Chronic inflammation damages the endothelial lining of arteries, leading to plaque
formation and narrowing of the blood vessels.
Why is tight blood glucose control critical in diabetes management?
✔✔ Maintaining stable blood glucose levels helps prevent long-term complications like
neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.
3
Answers Latest Version | 2024/2025 |
Already Passed
What changes occur in the respiratory system with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)?
✔✔ COPD leads to chronic inflammation, airway narrowing, and alveolar destruction, impairing
gas exchange.
Describe the relationship between insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
✔✔ Insulin resistance makes cells less responsive to insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels
and eventual beta-cell dysfunction.
How does the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) contribute to hypertension?
✔✔ RAAS increases blood pressure by promoting sodium retention, fluid retention, and
vasoconstriction.
What are the primary goals when managing a patient with chronic heart failure?
✔✔ Improve cardiac output, reduce symptoms, prevent fluid overload, and minimize hospital
admissions.
1
,How does chronic kidney disease (CKD) affect electrolyte balance?
✔✔ CKD disrupts electrolyte regulation, often resulting in hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis,
and fluid retention.
What are common side effects of ACE inhibitors?
✔✔ ACE inhibitors may cause a persistent cough, hyperkalemia, low blood pressure, and, in rare
cases, angioedema.
Explain how beta-blockers are beneficial in treating hypertension and angina.
✔✔ Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and contractility, lowering blood pressure and myocardial
oxygen demand, which relieves angina.
How does aging impact drug metabolism in elderly patients?
✔✔ Age-related declines in liver and kidney function slow drug metabolism and excretion,
increasing the risk of adverse drug reactions.
What symptoms distinguish right-sided from left-sided heart failure?
2
, ✔✔ Right-sided heart failure often presents with peripheral edema and abdominal bloating,
while left-sided heart failure involves shortness of breath and fluid in the lungs.
Describe the physiological effects of long-term hyperglycemia on the cardiovascular system.
✔✔ Chronic high blood sugar levels damage blood vessels, increase plaque buildup, and elevate
the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
What nursing interventions help reduce the risk of polypharmacy in elderly patients?
✔✔ Regular medication reviews, monitoring for adverse effects, and simplifying medication
regimens help reduce polypharmacy risks.
How does inflammation contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?
✔✔ Chronic inflammation damages the endothelial lining of arteries, leading to plaque
formation and narrowing of the blood vessels.
Why is tight blood glucose control critical in diabetes management?
✔✔ Maintaining stable blood glucose levels helps prevent long-term complications like
neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease.
3
