Bioinformatics Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update 2024

Bioinformatics Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update 2024 What is Bioinformatics? - Answers Bioinformatics involve the technology that uses computers for storage, retrieval, manipulation, and distribution of information related to biological macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins What are some things that we use bioinformatics for? - Answers searching biological databases, comparing sequences, looking at protein structures, understand more about human disease, drug design, forensic DNA analysis, agricultural biotech Who am I? discovered traits passed from parent to offspring; coined term dominant and recessive. - Answers Gregor Mendel Who am I? I created the term "gene" to describe "factors" located on chromosomes; also developed the chromosomal theory of heredity - Answers Walter Sutton Who am I? (2 People) demonstrated actions of some genes modify actions of other genes; the first time gene regulation was demonstrated - Answers Bateson and Punnett Who am I? Recognized genes are carried on chromosomes: the basis for modern genetics; demonstrated the existence of sex-linked genes and further explained trait linkage - Answers Thomas Morgan Who am I? Mapped location of several fruit fly genes. This was the first genetic map - Answers Alfred Sturtevant Who am I? Developed technique of electrophoresis for separating proteins - Answers Arne Tiselius Who Am I? found that amounts of adenine and thymine and cytosine and guanine in DNA are always about the same - Answers Edwin Chargaff These two people preformed x-ray crystallography studies of DNA providing crucial information that led to the elucidation of the structure of DNA - Answers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins these two people proposed the double stranded, helical, complementary, anti parallel model for DNA - Answers Watson and Crick Who am I? announced the first complete sequence of a protein, bovine insulin - Answers Frederick Sanger Which two people worked out the "central dogma" to explain protein synthesis from DNA to mRNA to protein - Answers Crick and Gamov These three people cracked the "genetic code" a sequence of three nucleotide bases (codon) determining each amino acid - Answers Nirenberg, Mathaei, and Ochoa I used restriction enzymes to cut DNA and ligase to paste 2 DNA strands together to form the first recombinant DNA molecule. Who am I ? - Answers Paul Berg These two people were the first to successfully transfer DNA from one life form to another; a spliced viral DNA and a bacterial DNA to create a plasmid with dual antibiotic resistance. Who are we? - Answers Cohen and Boyer These three people developed different methods for sequencing DNA independently. Who were they? - Answers Maxam, Gilbert, Sanger These two people were the first to fuse antibody-producing B lymphocyte cells with tumor cells that are immortal to produce the first "hybridoma" Who are we? - Answers Kohler and Milstein Published experimental details for the Southern Blot technique to identify DNA fragments WHo am I?? - Answers Edwin Southern This company successfully produced human insulin using recombinant DNA technology in E. coli. RFLPs were used to produce different fragment from one person to another. WHo am I? - Answers Genentech What is an RFLP - Answers restriction fragment length polymorphism Who invented PCR and what is PCR? - Answers Kary Mullis, Polymerase chain reaction I developed "genetic fingerprinting", technique of using sequences of DNA for identification. WHO am I? - Answers Alec Jefferys This was founded at NIH/NLM in 1988 and its intials are NCBI who am I? - Answers National center for Biotechnology infromation This project was launched in 1990 and it was planned to take 15 yrs to complete at the cost of $13 billion. - Answers The Human genome project This is a fast sequence similarity searching tool introduced by S. Karlin and S.F Altshul - Answers Blast I came up wth EST or a sequencing method for identifying active genes. WHo am I and what is EST? - Answers Craig Venter; expressed sequence tags This was the first genetically modified food to be approved for sale by Calgene in 1994. what was it? - Answers Flavr Savr Tomato This was the first completed sequence of a bacterial genome in 1995. - Answers H. influenza in 1996these two things were completely sequenced. What were they? - Answers Yeast and E coli Patrick Brown of Stanford University presented this which contained 6116 different gene specific sequences of the yeast genome. - Answers first gene chip This was the first sheep cloned from the cell of an adult mammary gland. - Answers Dolly In 1999 this genome became completely sequenced (175Mb) what was I? - Answers fruit fly where does the large amount of data used for bioinformatics come from? - Answers cellular research This is the application of computer analysis to biological data. it is called? - Answers Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the _____ of information within organisms - Answers flow What is the central dogma of biology? - Answers DNA-RNA-protein-trait Why do scientists study and annotate the DNA sequences of other animals and organisms? - Answers To study their genomes to compare to human genomes A modern challenge in bioinformatics is understanding the relationship between the ______,______,_______, involved in causing disease - Answers DNA sequence, chromosomal location, structure of genes The internet provides access to information in ______ ______. - Answers centralized databases Databases exhibit _______. Multiple submissions provide a level of quality control. - Answers redundancy _______ ________ allows scientists to use a variety of organisms to study a single gene and its mutations - Answers comparative genomics Who has access to these bioinformatics databases? - Answers anyone with internet access What is data-mining? - Answers Trying to make new connections with existing data Name the four query tools/databases - Answers Blast, entrez, PubMed, Cn3D Why is bioinformatics necessary? - Answers to keep up with high-throughput efforts, to mine information from large amounts of data, to organize data into logical user friendly databases what is genomics? - Answers collections of GENE sequence contributed by scientists with varying interest what is proteomics? - Answers sequences of proteins from various cell types and organisms, looks at combinations and expression patterns of proteins. What is the goal of genomics and proteomics? - Answers to understand the biology of